SELECTBO

SECOND EDITION.

That man is not the best Theologian who is the greatest disputant, but he who exhibits an exemplary life himself, and who teaches others to Le exemplary in their lives. In things necessary to salvation, let every man become his own Theologian,--J. A. Turbetine.

MDCCCXXXV.

ADVERTISEMENT. For some years before the lamented death of Dr. Clarke he was repeatedly solicited to collect his rich and ample materials, and give to the world a Biblical Dictionary; and Theological Institutes, or a System of Christian Theology, in one or two portable and cheap volumes. He acknowledged that each of these was a great desideratum. He felt strongly inclined to prepare them, and even made a beginning. In one of his letters he writes: — " I have laid the foundation of a Biblical Dictionary." In another he says: — " I may possibly write some Institutes; but I shall put my Homer into a nutshell." On anothct*^ct;asloii he observed: " If you were stationed in the south, and would assist me, I could do many things, but my eyea will not now bear any intense application." Such an appointment never took place; and before the worthy Doctor had proceeded far, he was called hence. Had he accomplished his object, he would doubtless have produced a volume deserving a place in every Christian lijbrary. If it be inquired what induced me to attempt to supply his lack; I answer, my strong affection for the man; my high admiration of his writings; my deep conviction that such a volujne would probably prove a blessing to many; and, I may perhaps, in proof of the Doctor s confidence and affection, be allowed to refer to the following passage in one of his letters, which to me is sufficiently affecting: — " O that my strength were as in days that are past! While writing, it seems as if whispered to me, ' Your time is at hand — Samuel Dunn shall be your proxy in my work.* This is enough! ** Though ^^amMVj ^lotLa2

IV ADVERTISEMENT. scious of great inability, I have " done what I could." Others will judge of the manner in w hich the part of selecting and systematizing has been exccut(Ml. Tliat this Manual will be found useful for the purpose of reference, to those indiWduals who possess the Doctor s other works; and that those who possess them not, will be induced, from this specimen, to procure them as soon as possible, is, perhaps, not an unreasonable expectation. The unrivalled Commentary which is now in course of publication in an elegant and cheap form, — ^with "multitudinous emendations and corrections from the Author s own and last hand,** — I should like to see in every family, from the Norman to the Shetland Isles. While I indulge the hope that the short Life in this volume will be acceptable to many readers, I have great pleasure in stating that Mrs. Smith, of Stoke Newington, the amiable and accomplished "member of the family," to whom the public is so greatly indebted for the preservation of such valuable materials, is preparing a cheap edition of the Life of her distinguished father. Tadcaster, April 9th, 1835.

SECOND EDITION. Grateful for the favourable manner in which the FIRST edition of the " Christian Theology '* has been received by the public, I have endeavoured to render the SECOND more worthy of general approval, and of the great and good man from whose Works it has been compiled. SAMUEL DUNN. May 7th, 1835.

CONTENTS. ■ LiPE OF THE Author 7 b I. — The Scriptubbs 48 II.— God G6 III.— The Attributes of God 70 IV.— The Trinity 87 v.— Man '-^•. 90 VI. — Christ 116 VII. — Repentance 135 VIIL— Faith 143 IX. — Justification 154 X. — Regeneration 164 XL— The Holt Spirit 167 XII. — Entire Sanctifi cation 205 XIII.— The Moral Law 237 XIV.— Public Worship 256 XV.— Pbayer. 260 XVL— Praise 275 XVIL— The Christian Church 283 XVIIL— Baptism 288 XIX.— The Lord's Supper 291

VI CONTENTS. Pige. XX. — Husband and Wife 299 XXI. — Parents and Children 304 XXII. — Masters and Servants 321 XXIII. — Rulers and Subjects 323 XXIV —Rich and Poor 327 XXV. — Ministers and People 333 XXVI. — Good and bad Angels 389 > XX VII. — ^Temptations 398 XXVIII. — Afflictions 40i XXIX. — Providence 409 XXX. — Apostasy 413 XXXI.— Death 421 XXXII. — Judgment 425 XXXIIL— Hell 427 XXXIV.— Heaven 432 XXXV. — General Principles 436 MISCELLANEOUS. Knowledge, 442 — Happiness, 447 — Communion of Saints, 461 — Fasting, Conscience, 454 — Dancing, 458 — Dress, 460— Dreaww, 462— GAo^f*, l463— Toftflcco, 464— fVps^ leg, 470 — Methodism, 471 — Shetland Isles,' 474 — 5m7iday-schools, 48 1 — Schism, Lust qf Power, Political Party- spirit, iS3— Friendship, 484 — FlfUtery^ Self-interest^ Going to Law, 485 — Suretyship, Usury, Slavery, 486 — Parable, Miracle, Millennium, 487 — Time, 488.

THE LIFE

Adam Clarke, from whose voluminous writings the selections in this volume have been made, was bom in the village of Moybeg, near Colerain, in the north of Ireland. He informed me, a short time before his death, that he had never been able to ascertain the year of his birth, his mother asserting that he was bom in 1760, while his father contended that it was in 1763. Mr. John Clarke, Adam's father, was a person of very respectable literary attainments; he was educated with a view to the Church, and studied successively at Edinburgh and Glasgow, where he took his degree of A. M., and afterwards entered a sizar of Trinity College, Dublin, at a time when classical merit alone could gain such an admission. He was of English extraction, and Mrs. Clarke of Scottish. They had two sons and five daughters. Adam was three years younger than his brother Tracy, and was by no means a spoiled child. He was always ^rrected when he deserved it, and was early inured to hardship. For this he was ever thankful, and used fo say, " My Heavenly Father saw that I was likely to meet with many rude blasts in journeying through life, and he prepared me in infancy for the lot his Providence destined for me; so that, through his mercy, I have been enabled to carry a profitable childhood up to hoary hairs. He knew that I must walk ahne through life, and therefore set me on my feet right early, that I might be prepared by long practice for the work I was appointed to perform." When about fiYQ years of age, he took the small-pox in the natural way; but, though covered with pustules from "heaA lo iooV^Vv*

DR. ADAM CLARKE. i) to God to ftorgiTe tlieir sins, making mutual promises of amendmeoit. Adam made known his feelings to hig mother, and told her that he hoped in future to use no bad words, and alwa3rg to obey his parents. She was deeply affected, and encouraged him and prayed for him. His parents were of different denominations; his feitlier being a Ghurdmian, whilst his mother was a Presbyterian, though not a Calvinist. To her he chiefly owed his early rel^ous knowledge, and even his early religious impressions. It was her practice, especially on the Lord's day, to read to her children, catechise them, and to sing and pray with them. On one occasion, Adam having disobeyed his mother, she immediately flew to the Bible and opened on Prov. 3CXX. 17, which she read and commented on in the most awful manner: " The eye that mocketh at his father, and despiseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles hall eat it." He was cut to the heart, thinking the words were immediately sent from heaven! He went out into the field much distressed, and was musing on this terrible denvnciation of the Divine displeasure, when the hoarse croak of a raven sounded to his conscience an alarm more terrible than the cry of fire at midnight. Hti looked up,' and soon perceived this most ominous bird; and, actimlly supposing it to be the raven of which the text spoke, coming to pick out his eyes, he clapped his hands on them with the utmost speed and trepidation, and ran towards the house as fast as his state of salutary fright and perturbation would permit, tliat he might escape the inrpending vengeance! He was sent by his parents to a singing--school, where, after a while, he received instructions in dancing as well as music. Of this seductive art he soon became exceedingly fond; and says, that he fotmd it to be a perverting influence, an tmmixed moral evil; and, to his death, on all proper occasions, he lifted up his voice against this branch of fiEtshionable education. In the year 1777, the Methodist Preachers visited the parish in which the Clarke family resided. Adam went to hear them; and, under their preaching, especially rnider that of Mr. Thomas Barber, his mind became enlightened to see his danger, and ^e eaam^^xVf ^^Yt^^ A 5

10 THE LIFB OF to flee from the wrath to come* His former eril courses were abandoned. Ins old companions forsaken, and he began to meet in class. After a long night of sorrow, the day of deliTeraiice drew near ; and never shall I foiget the feeling with which, about ten years ago, he related this part of his religious experience in. a party of friends, among whom were several young personB not decidedly religious ; for whoso benefit, as he informed me afterwards, he then entered so largely into the circumstances that attended his conversion. He described the field to which he went with a conscience heavily burdened with guilt, the spot on which he kneeled and wrestled with God in prayer, till his strength was exhausted. The heavens appeared as brass : He found no access to the throne of grace. Concluding that there was no mercy for him, he at last rose in despair, intending " to cease the agonizing strife." On retiring from the place, he heard, or thought he heard, a voice which said to him, " Try Jesus ! ** He was not disobedient, but immediately went back to the same spot, there called upon Jesus, and his sorrow ^vas instantly turned into joy. A glow of happiness seemed to thrill through his whole frame ; all guilt and condemnation were gone. He examined his conscience, and found it no longer a register of sins against God. He looked to heaven, and all was sunshine. He searched for his distress, but could not find it. His heart was light, his physical strength, and his animal spirits returned, and he could, more nimbly than ever, bound like a roe. He felt a sudden transition from darkness to light, from guilt and oppressive fear to confidence and peace. He could now draw nigh to God with more confidence than he ever could to his earthly father : He had freedom of access, and he had freedom of speech. With this gladness of soul, he also received great intellectual enlargement. He could prosecute liis literary studies with much greater ease. He now learned more in one day than fi)rmerly he was able to do in one month. His mind became enlarged to take in any thing useful. He saw that religion was the gate to true learning and science ; and soon began, in addition to his other pursuits, to apply himself to astronomy, natural philosophy, and the mathematics.

DR. 4kDAAI CLABKE. 11 His parents at first designed him for the churdi, and afterwards for the medical profession; but the narrowness of their pecuniary resources presented innumerable obstacles, which they were unable to surmount. It was then concluded, that he should become a schoolmaster; but £oT this he had no inclination. lie was at last sent to Mr. Francis Bennett, a linen-merchant of Colerain, a kinsman of his parents, who liad proposed to take him on adrantageous terms. It should here be mentioned, that the subject of tliis Memoir, in his boyhood, had two very narrow escapes from sudden death: The one was a severe fall from a horse, when a sack of grain, which he had been unable to balance on the animal, came down with all its force upon him; and, his back happening to come in contact with a pointed stone, he was taken up apparently dead. In about four-and-twenty hours he was conveyed home, and in a short time completely restored. His second escape was from being dro>vned; he having imprudently, in riding for the purpose of washing his father's mare in an armlet of the sea, taken her out of her depth, till they were carried beyond the breakers into the swell, where they were both swamped in a moment. But that God whom " waves obey," and who designed him for matters of great and high importance, caused one wave after another to perform for him the genial service of rolling him to the shore before the vital spark was quite extinct. The love of God was no sooner shed abroad in his heart, than he felt a yearning pity, a burning charity, for his friends and fellow-creatures. lie not only induced his parents to have family- ^vorship, on the morn- ing and evening of every day in the week, as well as on the sabbath, which they had been accustomed to liiive; but he also consented, though it was a heavy cross, regularly to officiate himself. He,^ however, had his rewiu-d: All his relatives became hearers of tiie Methodists, and most of them members of society. He then began to exhort his neighbours to turn to God. On the sabbath, he went regularly, in all weathers, a distance of more than six miles, to meet a class, which assembled so eiuly, that, in the winter, he had to set out two horn's before day. AVhen he had met his class, he proceeded to Uv^ nearest village, and entering the first open. d.ovi\^ 's.'ja^

12 THE LIFE OF ^^ Peace be to tliii) house!" Ifconsent was given, he called in the neighliours, prayed, aiid gave a short exhortatioii. This done, he went to another viliaee, and repeated the same plan ; and so on through the day, ^vithout ever encountering a direct refusal. His youth and great serious- ness made a favourable impression, which his prayers and exhortations tended to deepen. In this manner he not nnfrequently visited nine or ten villages in one day. After his removal to Colerain, he and his master went on for some time very comforta])ly, and Mr. Bennett was much pleased with him. To Mr. Henry Moore, who was personally acquainted with Mr. Bennett, we are indebted for the follo>ving information: "Mr. Bennett and yoimg Clarke were one day engaged in measuring a piece of linen, preparatory to the great market in Dublin. They found that particular piece wanting some inches of a yard at the end. 'Come, Adam,' says Mr. Bennett, May hold, and pull against me ; and we shall soon make it come up to the yard.' But he little knew with whom he had to deal. Adam dropped the linen on the ground, and stood and looked like one benumbed. 'What's the matter?' said Mr. Bennett. ' Sir,' he replied, ' I can't do it : I think it is a wrong thing.' Mr. Bennett urged, that it was done every day ; that it would not make the linen any the worse ; and that the process through which it had passed had made it shrink a little ; and concluded, by bidding him take hold ! ' No,' says Adam, ' no ! ' Mr. Bennett was a very placid man ; and they entered calmly into dispute. At last, he was obliged to give it up ; Adam would not consent to meddle with it ; he thought it was not fair. It did not suit the standard of his conscience." He continued with Mr. Bennett about one year, without being bound an apprentice, and then parted with him in the most friendly manner. Shortly after this, he received an invitation to visit Mr. Bredin, one of the Preachers, then on the Londonderry side of the circuit. The day after his arrival Mr. B. desired him to preach, and take a text. This he had not yet attempted, and, being alive to its importance, he objected ; but his friend persisting strongly to urge him, he at length yielded ; and preached his first sermon at New Buildings, a village five miles from Derry, June

DR. ADAM CLARKE. 13 19, 1782; from 1 John r, 19: "We know that we are of God, and the whole world lieth in wiekedness." The generality of his hearers were so well pleased that they entreated him to preach to them the next morning at five. He consented, and, dming his short stay, preached five times, Mr. Bredin, believing that his young friend was called of God to the work of the ministry, wrote to Mr. Wesley concerning him, who immediately offered to take Adam into Kingswood School, near Bristol. When this proposal was communicated to his parents, they were quite indignant. His father would neither speak to him, nor see him. His mother told him, that, if he left them, he would go with her curse and not her blessing. He had recourse to the throne of grace, and Grod heard him. His parents became convinced that he had other work to do, and granted him their permission to leave them. He sailed from Londonderry on the 17th of August, 1782; taking with him, as provision for the voyage, a loaf of bread, and a poxmd of cheese, and reached Liverpool in two days. He travelled by coach to Bristol; and the next morning, August 25th, with only three-halfpence in his pocket walked to Kingswood. The treatment he received while here, from the headmaster and his wife, was most unkind, and just the reverse of that which he had expected; but it lasted only one month and two days, — ^thirty-one days too much, if God had not been pleased to order it otherwise. Mr. Wesley, however, returned in a few weeks from Cornwall, and then sent for Adam. " I went into Bristol," says he, " saw Mr. Rankin, who carried me to Mr. Wesley's study, off the great lobby of the rooms over the chapel in Broadmead. He tapped at the door, which was opened by this truly apostolic man: Mr. Rankin retired. Mr. Wesley took me kindly by the hand, and asked me how long since I had left Ireland. Our conversation was short. He said, ' Well, brother Clarke, do you wish to devote yourself entirely to the work of God? ' I answered, ' Sir, I wish to do and be what God pleases! ' He then said, ' We want a preacher for Bradford (Wilts.) ; hold yourself in readiness to go thither; I am going into the coimtry, and vJiVV \eX. ^wi. kno^ when you shall go.' He then tuxnei. to tdl^, XvjSA

14 THE LIFE OF his hands upon my head, and spent a few moments in praying to God to bless and preserve me, and to gire me suceess in the work to which I wss called." Mr. Clarke enterwl on tlie reguhir work of a Methodist travelling preacher, on 8<^pt. 2(>th, 17^^, having a tolenible acquuintimce with th( Scriptures, luid a heart full of zeal for the salvation of souls ; and though he had the appearance of a " little boy," yet he was so prudent and deeply serious, that *' no man despised his youth/' Souls were awakened, and many young persons especially began earnestly to inquire the way of salvation. The circuit was very extensive, comprising no less than thirty- one towns and villages, and he had to preach and travel several miles every day, l^esides attending to various other duties; yet such was his thirst for learning, that he availed himself of every opportunity for cultivating his mind, ])y rising early, reading on horseback, and "never whiling away hiis time." But a circumstance took place about this period which had nearly proved ruinous to all his attainments in literature. In the preachers' room at Motcomb, near Shaftesbury, observing a Latin sentence on the wall, he wrote another from Virgil, corroborative of the first. One of his colleagues, Mr. J. A., subjoined, " Did you write the above to show us you could ^Tite Latin? For shame ! Do send pride to hell, from whence it came. O yoimg man ! improve your time ! Eternity s at hand." This ridicidous effusion, probably the offspring of envy, had such an effect on the mind of Mr. Clarke, that in a moment of strong temptation he fell on his knees in the midst of the room, and solemnly promised to God that he would never more meddle with Greek or Latin as long as he lived ! This hasty vow he observed for four years, when he bitterly repented of it, asked forgiveness of God, and recommenced the study of these languages. During this year he read Mr. Wesley's " Letter on Tea," and resolved that he would drink neither tea nor coffee, till he could answer the arguments to his satisfaction. This resolution he kept to the end of his life. At the following Conference he was admitted into full connexion, and then appointed to the Norwich circuit, which at that time extended over considerable portions

DR. ADAM: CLARKE. 15 of Norfolk and Suffolk. Religion vras at an exceedingly low ebb; and scarcely a sabbath passed without disturbances at the Methodist diapdl. During a remarkably severe winter he endured many hardships, often sleeping in lofls and outhouises, and being obliged to subsist on Tery scanty fare. From Norwich he went in the year 1784 to St. Austell in Cornwall, which was also a very heavy circuit; the places were numerous, and he had to preach almost every week in the year in the open air, and at times too when the rain was pouring down, and when the snow lay deep upon the ground. " But the prosperity of Methodism made every thing pleasant." A heavenly flame broke out, and great numbers joined the society. Among these was Samuel Drew, who was then just terminating his apprenticeship to a shoemaker: "A man," says Mr. C, "of primitive simplicity of manners, amiableness of disposition, piety towards God, and benevolence to men, seldom to be equalled; and for reach of thought, keenness of discrimination, purity of language, and manly eloquence, not to be surpassed in any of the common walks of life. In short, his circumstances considered, with the mode of his education, he is one of those prodigies of nature and grace, which God rarely exhibits; but which serve to keep up the connecting hnk between those who are confined to houses of clay, whose foundations are in the dust, and beings of a superior order in those regions where infirmity cannot enter, and where the simshine of know- ledge suffers neither diminution nor eclipse." Eulogistic as this is, I can bear testimony to its correctness. I knew Mr. D. well, received many a useful lesson from him, esteemed him while he lived, and now deeply revere his memory. I have frequently heard him, and my venerable father, with other aged Methodists in my native circuit, speak of Mr. C/s imbounded popularity in those early days; he being sometimes obliged, when the chapel had been thronged, to enter through the window, and creep on his hands and knees over the heads and shoulders of the people, in order to reach the pulpit. The Doctor s death was a severe stroke to Mr. D. ; he survived it only a few months; they \^t^ then joined

DR. ADAM CLARKE. 1? On the 17th of April, 1788, Mr. Clarke was married to Miss Mary Cooke, the eldest daughter of Mr. John Cooke^ clothier, Trowhridge. In a priyate conuDunication he says, '' Before I took my heloved Mary hy the hand, who was most d^cately hrought up^ I asked her, ' As I am at the dii^osal of Mr. Wesley and the Conference, and they ean send me whither they please, will you go with me whithersoever I am sent? ' ' Yes; If I take you, I take you as a minister of Christy and shall go with you to the ends of the earth.' And the first step she took was with me on my mission to the Norman Isles/* As Mrs. C. is still living, it is only necessary to say, that, for above forty-two years, during which they were imited, she showed, in all the various circumstances through which they passed, she was the woman worthy of being the wife of Adam Clarke. Six sons and six daughters were the fruit of their marriage. Miss Anne Cooke, one of Mrs. Clarke's sisters, became the wife of Joseph Butterworth, Esq., and, with her husband, was brought to Grod through Mr. and Mrs. Clarke's instrument^ty, and for many years, in a very elevated station, adorned the doctrine oi God their Saviour in all things. In 1789 Mr. Clarke received his appointment as superintendent for the Bristol circuit. This, in consequence of family afflictions, and other causes, he in- formed me, was one of the most painful years of his life. The Conference of 1790 appointed him to Dublin,* where he had no sooner arrived than he found himself exposed to numberless difficulties and distressing cir- • He liad previously received the follovmig letter from Mr. Wesley: — Near Dublin, June 26, 1789. " Dear Adam, " You sei*d me good news with regard to the Islands. Who can hnrt as, if God is on our side 7 Trials may come, but they are all good. I have not been so tried for many years. Every week, and almost every day, I am bespattered in the public papers. Many are in tears on the occasion, many terribly frightened, and crying out, ' O, what wiU the end be? what vdll the end be? ' Why, glory to Gk>d in the highest, and peace and good-vdll amoi^ men. But, meantime, what is to be done 7 What will be the most effectual means to stem this fdrious torrent? I have just visited the classes, and find still in the society upwards of a thousand members; and, among them, many as deep Christians as any I biwve m^X. -m^ \xv Europe. But who is able to watch over these, that ^ey ts^k^ ii.QX \^%

18 THE LIFB OF cumstanccs. He and his family were obliged to go into very inconyenicnt lodgings ; and when the preachers new house was finished, thov were induced to go into it before it was dry, whirh nearly cost all of them their liyes. He was seized with a severe rheumatic afiPed^n in tlie head, from wiiich he very slowly recovered. There were also very wann disputes in the society, respecting the use of the Liturgy in the Whitefriar-street chapel, which gave him great uneasiness. While in this circut he formed a charitable institution, called ^' The Strangers' Friend Society," the first of several that were organized by him in the principal towns of JSngland, as Manchester, Liverpool, and London; and whidi have contributed greatly to the relief of suffering humanity. The year 1791 is remarkable in the history of Methodism for the death of Mr. Wesley. When Mr. Clarke first heard of this solemn event, he says that he " was overwhelmed with grief; and that, such were his feelings, all he could do was to read the little printed account of his last moments." His admiration of Mr. Wesley was such, as I have not perceived in any other of the followers of that extraordinary individual. I have more than once heard him say, that, taking him altogether, as a man, a Christian, a divine, a philanthropist, a favoured instrument in the hands of God in winning souls, he had not been surpassed, if equalled, since the days of the apostles. It is deeply to be regretted that peculiar circumstances should have prevented the Doctor from writing the Life of the Founder of Methodism, — an Apelles that could have painted an Alexander. Mr. Wesley 8 opinion of Mr. C. we have in a letter of his to Mr. King : So early as the year ly^T? that correct judge of character hesitated not to affirm, ^^Adam Clarke is doubtless an extraordinary young man, and moved from their stcad&tstness ? I know none more proper than Adam Clarke and bin -wife. Indeed, it may seem hard for them to go into a strange land again. "Well, yon may come to me at Leeds, the latter end of next month ; and if you can show me any that are more proper, I vdH send them instead, that God may be glorified in aU that is dojjigned by, *' Dear Adam, " Your affectionate friend and brother, " J. Wesley.''

DR. ADAM CLARKE. 19 capable of doing much good." In liis will, Mr. Weslej appointed him one of the seven trustees of ail his literary property. The first Conference after the death of Mr. Wesley, * as Mr. Clarke's health was in a rery declining state, he "was appointed to the Manchester circuit, principally with a yiew to his using the Buxton waters, as the likeliest means of his recovery. The remedy was tried, and his health completely restored. About this time the French Revolution was the universal topic; and various political questions were agitated with considerable exdtement. These were sometimes introduced into the pulpit, but never by Mr. Clarke: He informed me, that, during this painful period, in almost every sermon he urged his hearers to seek entire sanctification. Of his colleagues, Messrs. Samuel Bradbum, and Joseph Benson, I have heard him speak in l^e highest terms. He thought them the two greatest preachers of the day. It is somewhat remarkable, that it fell to his lot to perform the last sad office of friendship to the mortal remains of both these eminent men, by delivering an address at their graves. The former died in 1810, the latter in 1821. From Manchester Mr. C. went to Liverpool, where he and the venerable Mr. Pawson, with whom he acted in perfect unison, had the satisfaction of seeing the society more than doubled during their joint ministry. Mrs. Pawson then entered, in her private journal, her opinion o£ her husband's colleague in the following terms: — *' Brother Clarke is, in my estimation, an extraordinary preacher; and his learning confers great lustre on his talents: He makes it subservient to grace. His discourses are highly evangelical: He never loses. sight of Christ. In regard of pardon and holiness, he offers a present salvation. His address is lively, animated, and very encouraging to the seekers of salvation. In respect to the imawakened, it may indeed be said, that he obeys that precept, 'Cry aaoiid; spare not; lift up thy voice like a tnmipet.' His words flow spontaneously from the heart; his views enlarge as he pro- ceeds; and he brings to the mind a torrent of things new and old. While he is preaching, one can B>e\^OYa. cast an eye on the audience, without perceiving anv^AXAiv^