Bibliotheca Symbolica Ecclesiae Universalis.

THE CREEDS OF CHRISTENDOM,

WITH

A HISTORY AND CRITICAL NOTES.

IN THREE VOLUMES

SIXTH EDITION--REVISED AND ENLARGED

VOLUME I.

THE HISTORY OF THE CREEDS

The Creeds of Christendom

Copyright, 1877, by Harper & Brothers

Copyright, 1905, 1919, by David S. Schaff

HIS HONORED AND BELOVED COLLEAGUES

IN THE UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY,

THIS WORK IS

Respectfully Dedicated

THE AUTHOR

PREFACE

A 'symbolical library' that contains the creeds and confessions of all Christian denominations fills a vacuum in theological and historical literature. It is surprising that it has not been supplied long ago. Sectarian exclusiveness or doctrinal indifferentism may have prevented it. Other symbolical collections are confined to particular denominations and periods. In this work the reader will find the authentic material for the study of Comparative Theology Symbolics, Polemics, and Irenics. In a country like ours, where people of all creeds meet in daily contact, this study ought to command more attention than it has hitherto received.

The First Volume has expanded into a doctrinal history of the Church, so far as it is embodied in public standards of faith. The most important and fully developed symbolical systems the Vatican Romanism, the Lutheranism of the Formula of Concord, and the Calvinism of the Westminster standards have been subjected to a critical analysis. The author has endeavored to combine the aletheuein en agape and the agapan en aletheia, and to be mindful of the golden motto, In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas. Honest and earnest controversy, conducted in a Christian and catholic spirit, promotes true and lasting union. Polemics looks to Irenics--the aim of war is peace.

The Second Volume contains the Scripture Confessions, the ante-Nicene Rules of Faith, the cumenical, the Greek, and the Latin Creeds, from the Confession of Peter down to the Vatican Decrees. It includes also the best Russian Catechism and the recent Old Catholic Union Propositions of the Bonn Conferences.

The Third Volume is devoted to the Lutheran, Anglican, Calvinistic, and the later Protestant Confessions of Faith. The documents of the Third Part (pp. 707-876) have never been collected before.

The creeds and confessions are given in the original languages from the best editions, and are accompanied by translations for the convenience of the English reader. [1]

While these volumes were passing through the press several learned treatises on the ancient creeds by Lumby, Swainson, Hort, Caspari, and others have appeared, though not too late to be noticed in the final revision. The literature has been brought down to the close of 1876. I trust that nothing of importance has escaped my attention.

I take pleasure in acknowledging my obligation to several distinguished divines, in America and England, for valuable information concerning the denominations to which they belong, and for several contributions, which appear under the writers' names. In a history of conflicting creeds it is wise to consult representative men as well as books, in order to secure strict accuracy and impartiality, which are the cardinal virtues of a historian.

May this repository of creeds and confessions promote a better understanding among the Churches of Christ. The divisions of Christendom bring to light the various aspects and phases of revealed truth, and will be overruled at last for a deeper and richer harmony, of which Christ is the key-note. In him and by him all problems of theology and history will be solved. The nearer believers of different creeds approach the Christological centre, the better they will understand and love each other.

Bible House, New York,

December, 1876.

I have used, e.g., the fac-simile of the oldest MS. of the Athanasian Creed from the 'Utrecht Psalter:' the ed. princeps of the Lutheran Concordia (formerly in the possession of Dr. Meyer, the well-known commentator); the Corpus et Syntagma Confessionum, ed. 1654; a copy of the Harmonia Confessionum, once owned by Prince Casimir of the Palatinate, who suggested it; the oldest editions of the Westminster Confession and Catechisms, of the Savoy Declaration, etc.

The Rev. Drs. Jos. Angus, W. W. Andrews, Chas. A. Briggs, J. R. Brown, E. W. Gilman, G. Haven, A. A. Hodge, Alex. F. Mitchell, E. D. Morris, Chas. P. Krauth, J. R. Lumby, G. D. Matthews, H. Osgood, E. von Schweinitz, H. B. Smith, John Stoughton, E. A. Washburn, W. R. Williams. See Vol. I. pp. 609, 811, 839, 911; Vol. III. pp. 3, 738, 777, 799.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

The call for a new edition of this work in less than a year after its publication is an agreeable surprise to the author, and fills him with gratitude to the reading public and the many reviewers, known and unknown, who have so kindly and favorably noticed it in American and foreign periodicals and in private letters. One of the foremost divines of Germany (Dr. Dorner, in the Jahrbüher für Deutsche Theologie, 1877, p. 682) expresses a surprise that the idea of such an oecumenical collection of Christian Creeds should have originated in America, where the Church is divided into so many rival denominations; but he adds also as an explanation that this division creates a desire for unity and co-operation, and a mutual courtesy and kindness unknown among the contending parties and schools under the same roof of state-churches, where outward uniformity is maintained at the expense of inward peace and harmony.

The changes in this edition are very few. The literature in the first volume is brought down to the present date, and at the close of the second volume a fac-simile of the oldest MSS. of the Athanasian Creed and the Apostles' Creed is added.

NEW YORK, April, 1878.

PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.

This edition differs from the second in the following particulars:

1. In the first volume several errors have been corrected (e.g., in the statistical table, p. 818), and a list of new works inserted on p. xiv.

2. In the third volume a translation of the Second Helvetic Confession has been added, pp. 831 sqq.

New York, December, 1880.

PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION.

The call for a fourth edition of this work has made it my duty to give the first volume once more a thorough revision and to bring the literature down to the latest date. In this I have been aided by my young friend, the Rev. Samuel M. Jackson, one of the assistant editors of my "Religious Encyclopaedia." The additions which could not be conveniently made in the plates have been printed separately after the Table of Contents, pp. xiv-xvii.

The second and third volumes, which embrace the symbolical documents, remain unchanged, except that at the end of the third volume the new Congregational Creed of 1883 has been added.

Creeds will live as long as faith survives, with the duty to confess our faith before men. By and by we shall reach, through the Creeds of Christendom, the one comprehensive, harmonious Creed of Christ.

New York, May, 1884.

The fifth edition was a reprint of the fourth, without any changes.

PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION.

Since the appearance of the Creeds of Christendom, 1877, no work has been issued competing with it in scope and comprehensiveness. The valuable collection of W. W. Walker, The Creeds and Platforms of Congregationalism, 1893, and W. J. McGlothlin, Baptist Confessions of Faith, 1911, are limited to separate Protestant bodies. The extensive collection of Karl Müller, 1903, is confined to the creeds and catechisms of the Reformed Churches. Professor W. A. Curtis of the University of Edinburgh, in his History of the Creeds and Confessions of Faith in Christendom and Beyond, gives the contents of creeds and an account of their origins, not their texts. C. Fabricius, in his Corpus confessionum, etc., 1928, sqq., proposes in connexion with colaborers to furnish not only the texts of the Christian creeds, but also the texts of hymns, liturgies, books of discipline, and other documents bearing on Christian doctrine, worship, and practice. For example, 250 pages of Volume I are devoted to hymns, and 250 pages to "The Doctrines and Discipline of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1924."

The new material of the present edition is the following:

Volume I. Additions to the literature; notices of the Church of the Disciples and the Universalist and Unitarian Churches; and changes and additions, as, for example, on the primitive creeds and the Russian Church.

Volume II. In the fourth edition Dr. Schaff, in view of the new importance given in Canon Law to papal utterances on doctrine and morals, added one of the important encyclicals of Leo XIII., who was then living. To this encyclical have been added bulls on the Church, by Boniface VIII., 1302, Anglican Orders, by Leo XIII., 1896, "Americanism" and "Modernism" by Pius X., 1907-10, and Pius XI.'s encyclical on Church Union, 1928.

Volume III. Additions giving Recent Confessional Declarations and Terms of Union between Church organizations. The material on the latter subject, so closely akin to the general topic of the book, makes it quite probable that Dr. Philip Schaff, in view of his pronounced attitude on Church fellowship and union, would have included it, were he himself preparing this edition of the Creeds of Christendom.

David S. Schaff.

Union Theological Seminary

New York, January, 1931

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(Vol. I.)

HISTORY OF THE CREEDS OF CHRISTENDOM.

FIRST CHAPTER. ON CREEDS IN GENERAL. PAGE § 1. Name and Definition 3 § 2. Origin of Creeds 4 § 3. Authority of Creeds 7 § 4. Value and Use of Creeds 8 § 5. Classification of Creeds 9

SECOND CHAPTER. THE OECUMENICAL CREEDS. PAGE § 6. General Character of the OEcumenical Creeds 12 § 7. The Apostles' Creed 14 § 8. The Nicene Creed 24 § 9. The Creed of Chalcedon 29 § 10. The Athanasian Creed 34

THIRD CHAPTER. THE CREEDS OF THE GREEK CHURCH. PAGE § 11. The Seven OEcumenical Councils 43 § 12. The Confessions of Gennadius, A.D. 1453 46 § 13. The Answers of the Patriarch Jeremiah to the Lutherans, A.D. 1576 50 § 14. The Confession of Metrophanes Critopulus, A.D. 1625 52 § 15. The Confession of Cyril Lucar, A.D. 1631 54 § 16. The Orthodox Confession of Mogilas, A.D. 1643 58

§ 17. The Synod of Jerusalem, and the Confession of Dositheus, A.D. 1672 61 § 18. The Synods of Constantinople, A.D. 1672 and 1691 67 § 19. The Doctrinal Standards of the Russo-Greek Church 68 § 20. Anglo-Catholic Correspondence with the Russo-Greek 74 § 21. The Eastern Sects: Nestorians, Jacobites, Copts, Armenians 78

FOURTH CHAPTER. THE CREEDS OF THE ROMAN CHURCH. PAGE § 22. Catholicism and Romanism 83 § 23. Standard Expositions of the Roman Catholic System 85 § 24. The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent, A.D. 1563 90 § 25. The Profession of the Tridentine Faith, A.D. 1564 96 § 26. The Roman Catecism, A.D. 1566 100 § 27. The Papal Bulls against the Jansenists, A.D. 1653, 1713 102 Note on the Old Catholics in Holland, 107. § 28. The Papal Definition of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, A.D. 1854 108 § 29. The Argument for the Immaculate Conception 113 § 30. The Papal Syllabus, A.D. 1864 128 § 31. The Vatican Council, A.D. 1870 134 § 32. The Vatican Decrees. The Constitution on the Catholic Faith 147 § 33. The Vatican Decrees, Continued. The Papal Infallibility Decree 150 § 34. Papal Infallibility Explained, and Tested by Scripture and Tradition 163 § 35. The Liturgical Standards of the Roman Church 189 § 36. The Old Catholics 191

FIFTH CHAPTER. THE CREEDS OF THE EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT CHURCHES. PAGE § 37. The Reformation. Protestantism and Romanism 203 § 38. The Evangelical Confessions of Faith 209 § 39. The Lutheran and Reformed Confessions 211

SIXTH CHAPTER. THE CREEDS OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. PAGE § 40. The Lutheran Confessions 220 § 41. The Augsburg Confession, A.D. 1530 225 § 42. The Apology of the Augsburg Confession, A.D. 1530 243 § 43. Luther's Catechisms, A.D. 1529 245 § 44. The Articles of Smalcald, A.D. 1537 253 § 45. The Formula of Concord, A.D. 1577 258 § 46. The Formula of Concord, Concluded 312 § 47. Superseded Lutheran Symbols. The Saxon Confession, and the Würtemberg Confession, A.D. 1551 340 § 48. The Saxon Visitation Articles, A.D. 1592. 345 § 49. An Abortive Symbol against Syncretism, A.D. 1655 349

SEVENTH CHAPTER. THE CREEDS OF THE EVANGELICAL REFORMED CHURCHES. PAGE § 50. The Reformed Confessions. 354 I. Reformed Confessions of Switzerland. § 51.

Zwinglian Confessions. The Sixty-seven Articles. The Ten Theses of Berne. The Confession to Charles V. The Confession to Francis I., A.D. 1523-1531 360 § 52. Zwingli's Distinctive Doctrines 369 § 53. The Confession of Basle, A.D. 1534 385 § 54. The First Helvetic Confession, A.D. 1536 388 § 55. The Second Helvetic Confession, A.D. 1566 390 § 56. John Calvin. His Life and Character 421 § 57. 444 § 58. The Catechism of Geneva, A.D. 1541 467 § 59. The Zurich Consensus, A.D. 1549 471 § 60. The Geneva Consensus, A.D. 1552 474 § 61. The Helvetic Consensus Formula, A.D. 1675 477

II. Reformed Confessions of France and the Netherlands. § 62. The Gallican Confession, A.D. 1559 490 § 63. The French Declaration of Faith, A.D. 1872 498 § 64. The Belgic Confession, A.D. 1561 502

§ 65. The Arminian Controversy and the Synod of Dort, A.D. 1604-1619. 508 § 66. The Remonstrance, A.D. 1610 516 § 67. The Canons of Dort, A.D. 1619 519

III. The Reformed Confessions of Germany. § 68. The Tetrapolitan Confession, A.D. 1530 524 § 69. The Heidelberg Catechism, A.D. 1563 529 § 70. The Brandenburg Confessions 554

The Confession of Sigismund, 555.

The Colloquy at Leipzig, 558.

IV. The Reformed Confessions of Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary. § 72. The Bohemian Brethern and the Waldenses before the Reformation 565 § 73. The Bohemian Confessions after the Reformation, A.D. 1535 and 1575 576 § 74. The Reformation in Poland and the Consensus of Sendomir, A.D. 1570 581 § 75. The Reformation in Hungary and the Confession of Czenger, A.D. 1557 589

V. The Anglican Articles of Religion. § 76. The English Reformation. 592 § 77. The Doctrinal Position of the Anglican Church and her Relation to other Churches 598 § 78. The Doctrinal Formularies of Henry VIII. 611 § 79. The Edwardine Articles, A.D. 1553. 613 § 80. The Elizabethan Articles, A.D. 1563 and 1571 615 § 81. Interpretation of the Thirty-nine Articles 622 § 82. Revision of the Thirty-nine Articles by the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, A.D. 1801 650 § 83. The Anglican Catechisms, A.D. 1549 and 1662 654 § 84. The Lambeth Articles, A.D. 1595 658 § 85. The Irish Articles, A.D. 1615 662 § 86. The Articles of the Reformed Episcopal Church, A.D. 1875 665

VI. The Presbyterian Confessions of Scotland. § 87. The Reformation in Scotland 669 § 88. John Knox 673 § 89. The Scotch Confession, A.D. 1560. 680 § 90. The Scotch Covenants and the Scotch Kirk 685 § 91. The Scotch Catechisms 696

VII. The Westminster Standards. § 92. The Puritan Conflict 701 § 93. The Westminster Assembly. 727 § 94. The Westminster Confession. 753 § 95. Analysis of the Confession. 760 § 96. The Westminster Catechisms. 783 § 97. Criticism of the Westminster System of Doctrine 788 § 98. The Westminster Standards in America 804 § 99. The Westminster Standards among the Cumberland Presbyterians 813

EIGHTH CHAPTER. THE CREEDS OF MODERN EVANGELICAL DENOMINATIONS. PAGE § 100. General Survey 817 § 101. The Congregationalists 820 § 102. English Congregational Creeds 829 § 103. American Congregational Creeds 835 § 104. Anabaptists and Mennonites 840 § 105. The Calvinistic Baptists 844 § 106. The Arminian Baptists 856 § 107. The Society of Friends (Quakers). 859 § 108. The Moravians 874 § 109. Methodism 882 § 110. Methodist Creeds 890 § 111. Arminian Methodism 893 § 112. Calvinistic Methodism 901 § 113. The Catholic Apostolic Church (Irvingites) 905 § 114. The Evangelical Alliance. 915 § 115. The Consensus and Dissensus of Creeds 919 § 116. The Disciples of Christ 930 § 117. The Universalists. 933 § 118. The Unitarians 954

ADDITIONS TO THE LITERATURE

In General

Kattenbusch: Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Confessionskunde, Freib., 1892.--Gumlich: Christ. Creeds and Conff., Engl. trans., N. Y., 1894.--Callows: Origin and Development of Creeds, London, 1899. S. G. Green: The Christ. Creed and the Creeds of Christendom, N. Y., 1899.--Skrine: Creed and the Creeds, their Function in Religion, London, 1911.--W. A. Curtis: Hist. of Creeds and Conff. of Faith in Christendom and Beyond, Aberdeen, 1911. An elaboration of the author's art., "Confessions," in Enc. of Rel. and Ethics; includes the principles of Mormonism, Christian Science and Tolstoy.--Hirsch: Art., "Creeds," in Enc. Brit., 14th ed.--The works on Symbolics of Loofs, and Briggs, N. Y., 1914.--Hase: Hdbook of the Controversy with Rome, 2 vols., London, 1906, trans. from Hase's Polemik, ed. of 1900.--Plitt: Grundriss der Symbolen, 7th ed., by Victor Schultze, Erl., 1921.--Mulert: Konfessionskunde, Giessen, 1929.

Collections of Creeds

Hahn, 3rd ed. enlarged, 1897.--C. Fabricius, prof. in Berlin, Corpus confessionum. Die Bekenntnisse des Christenthums. Sammlung grundlegender Urkunden aus allen Kirchen der Gegenwart, Berlin, 1928 sqq.--J. T. Müller: Die symb. Bücker der ev. luth. Kirche, deutsch und latein., 12th ed., 1928.-- E. F. Karl Müller: Die Bekenntnisschriften der reform. Kirche, Leip., 1903.--For papal decrees: Acta, sedis sanctae, Rome.--Mirbt: Quellen zur Gesch. des Papsttums und des röm. Katholizismus, 4th ed., 1924.--Denzinger: Enchiridion symbolorum et definitionum, quae a concillis oecum. et summis pontificibus emanarunt, 17th ed. by Umberg, 1928.

Page 12.

A. E. Burn: Facsimiles of the Creeds, etc., London, 1899; Introd. to the Creeds and Te Deum, London, 1901.--Mortimer: The Creeds, App., Nic., Athanas., London, 1902.--A. Seeberg: Katechismus der Urchristenheit, 1903.--Turner: Hist. and Use of Creeds in the Early Centuries of the Church, London, 1906.--Bp. E. C. S. Gibson: The Three Creeds, Oxf., 1908.--Wetzer and Welte: Enc. 2nd ed. V., 676-690.--Loofs: Symbolik, pp. 1-70.--Briggs: Theol. Symbolics, pp. 34-121.--F. J. Badcock: The Hist. of Creeds, App., Nic., and Athanas., London, 1930, pp. 248.

Page 14.

The Apostles Creed: Kattenbusch: Das apostol. Symbol, 2 vols., Leipsic, 1894-1900.--Zahn: Das apostol. Symbol, Erl., 1893, transl. by Burn from 2nd ed., London, 1899.--Harnack, in Herzog Enc., I, 741-55 and separately in Engl. 1901.--H. B. Swete: The App. Creed. Its Relation to Prim. Christianity, Cambr., 1894.--Kunze: Glaubensregel, hl. Schrift und Taufbekenntniss, Leipsic, 1899; Das apostol. Glaubensbekenntniss und das N. T., Berlin, 1911, Engl. trans. by Gilmore, N. Y., 1912.-- Künstle: Bibliothek der Symbole, Mainz, 1901.--A. C. McGiffert: The App. Creed. Its Origin, Purpose, etc., N. Y., 1902.--Bp. A. MacDonald (R. C.): The App. Creed. A Vindication of its Apostol. Authority, 1903, 2nd ed., London, 1925.--The App. Creed. Questions of Faith, Lectures by Denney, Marcus Dods, Lindsay, etc., London, 1904.--Popular treatments by Canon Beeching, 1906; W. R. Richards, N. Y., 1906; Barry, N. Y., 1912; Bp. Bell, 1917, 1919; McFadyen, 1927; H. P. Sloan, N. Y., 1930.--Also Bardenhewer: Gesch. der altchr. Lit., 2nd ed., I, 82-90.

Page 24.

The Nicene Creed: Hort: Two Dissertations on the Constan. Creed, London, 1876.--Lias: The Nicene Creed, 1897.--Kunze: Das nic.-konstant. Symbol, Leipsic, 1898.--Harnack, in Herzog Enc. XI., 12-27, and Schaff-Herzog, III, 256-260.--Bp. Headlam: The Nic. Creed. Noting differences between the Rom. and Angl. Churches.

Pages 43-68.

Die Bekenntnisse und wichtigsten Glaubenszeugnisse der griech.-oriental. Kirche (thesauros tes orthodoxias) ed., by Michalcescu, with Introd. by Hauck, Leipsic, 1904. Includes creeds and decrees of the first seven oecum. councils.--Loofs: Symbolik, pp. 77-181.--Adeney: The Gr. and East. Churches, N. Y., 1908.--Fortescue (R. C.): The Orthod. East. Church, last ed., London, 1916.--Langsford-James: Dict. of the East. Orthod. Church, London, 1923.--The art. in Herzog, "Gennadius II," "Jeremias," "Lukaris," etc.--Birkbeck: The Russ. and Engl. Churches, during the last fifty years, London, 1895.--Frère: Links in the Chain of Russ. Ch. Hist., London, 1918.

Page 69.

Bonewitsch: Kirchengesch. Russlands, Leipsic, 1923.--Reyburn: Story of the Russ. Church, London, 1924.--Spinka (prof. in Chicago Theol. Seminary): The Church and the Russ. Revolution, N. Y., 1927.--Hecker (student of Drew and Union Theol. Seminaries and Prof. of Theol., Moscow): Rel. under the Soviets, N. Y., 1927; Soviet Russia in the Second Decade, 1928.--Emhardt: Rel. in Soviet Russia, Milwaukee, 1929.--M. Hindus (b. in Russia): Humanity Uprooted, N. Y., 1929.--Batsell: Soviet Rule in Russia, N. Y., 1930.--The Engl. White Paper, Aug. 12, 1930, which gives a trans. of Soviet regulations "respecting religion in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics."

Page 83.

A. Straub (prof. at Innsbruck): de Ecclesia, 2 vols., Innsbr., 1912.--Ryan and Millar: The State and the Church, N. Y., 1902.--F. Heiler (ex-Cath., prof. in Marburg): Der Katholizismus, seine Idee und seine Erscheinung, Munich, 1923.--Döllinger-Reusch: Selbstbiographie des Kard. Bellarmin, with notes, 1887.--Card. Gibbons, d. 1921: The Faith of Our Fathers, 1875.--The works and biographies of Card. Newman, d. 1890, and Card. Manning, d. 1892.--D. S. Schaff: Our Fathers' Faith and Ours, N. Y., 1928.

Page 91.

Buckley, 2 vols., 1852, gives the Reformatory decisions of the council as well as the Decrees and Canons.--Donovan: Profession and Catechism of the C. of Trent, 1920 and since.--Mirbt: Quellen zur Gesch. des Papsttums. Gives large excerpts from the Tridentine standards.--Froude: Lectures on the C. of Trent, 1896.--Pastor: Gesch. der Päpste, vol. vii.--The Ch. Histories of Hergenröther-Kirsch, Funk, etc.

Page 134.

Mirbt, pp. 456-466.--Shotwell-Loomis: The See of St. Peter. Trans. of patristic documents, N. Y., 1927.--Granderath, S.J.: Gesch. des Vat. Konzils, ed. by Kirch, 3 vols., Freib. in Breis., 1903.--Döllinger-Friedrich: Das Papsttum, 1892.--Lord Acton: The Vatican Council in "Freedom of Thought."--Pastor: Hist. of the Popes, vol. x. for Sixtus V.'s ed. of the Vulgate.--Card. Gibbons (a member of the council): Retrospect of Fifty Years, 2 vols., 1906.--The biographies of Manning by Purcell, 2 vols., 1896; Ketteler by Pfulf, 3 vols., Mainz, 1899; Newman by Ward, 4 vols., 1912.-- Straub: de Ecclesia, vol. ii., 358-394.--Nielsen: The Papacy in the 19th Cent., vol. ii., pp. 290-374.-- Koch: Cyprian und das röm. Primat, 1910.--Schnitzer: Hat Jesus das Papstthum gestiftet? and Das Papstthum keine Stiftung Jesus, 1910.--Count von Hoensbroech (was sixteen years a Jesuit, d. 1923): Das Papstthum in social-kult. Wirsamkeit, 3 vols., 4th ed., 1903.--Lietzmann: Petrus und Paulus in Rom, 2nd ed., 1927.--Koch: Cathedra Petri (dedicated to Schnitzer), Giessen, 1930.

Page 220.

H. E. Jacobs: The Book of Concord or the Symbol. Books of the Ev. Luth. Church, 2 vols., Phil., 1882, 1912.--The Luth. Cyclopedia by Jacobs and Haas, Phil., 1899.--Concordia Cyclopedia, 3 vols., 1927.-- Schmid: The Doctr. Theol. of the Ev. Luth. Ch., trans. by Hay and Jacobs, 3rd ed., Phil., 1899.--Luther's Primary Writings, trans. by Buchheim and Wace, 1896.--Luther's Works, Engl. trans., 2 vols., Phil., 1915.--Luther's Correspondence, trans. by P. Smith and Jacobs, 2 vols., 1913-1918.--Lives of Luther by Schaff in "Hist. of Chr. Church," vol. vi.; Jacobs, 1898; Lindsay in "Hist. of the Reformation," 1906; Preserved Smith, 1911; McGiffert, 1914; Boehmer, Engl. trans., 1916; Mackinnon, 4 vols., 1925-1930; Denifle (R. C.), 2 vols., 2nd ed., 1904; Grisar (R. C.), Engl. trans., 3 vols., 1911, 1912.--P. Smith: Age of the Reformation, 1920.--Döllinger: Akad. Vorträge, vol. i, 1872. Written after his repudiation of the dogma of Infallibility.

Page 225.

Editions of the Augsb. Conf. in Latin and German texts by Kolde,Gotha, 1896, 1911 and Wendt, Halle, 1927.--Ficker: Konfutation des Augsb. Bekenntnisses, Leipsic, 1892.--A number of publications bearing on the Augsb. Confession were issued in connexion with the quadricentennial of the Confession's appearance, 1930.

Page 354.

Zwingli: Sämmtliche Werke, ed. by Egli, Köhler, etc., 1904, sqq.--Karl Müller: Die Bekenntnissschriften der reformirten Kirche, Leipsic, 1903. Contains documents not given by Schaff, as Calvin's Genevan Catechism, pp. 117-158; Hungar. Conf. of 1562, pp. 376-448; the Larger Westminster Cat., pp. 612-643; the Nassau Cat. of 1578, pp. 720-738, and the Hesse Cat. of 1607, pp. 822-833.--Lives of Zwingli by Stähelin, 2 vols., Basel, 1897; S. M. Jackson, N. Y., 1901. Also Selections from Zwingli, Phil., 1901.--S. Simpson, N. Y., 1902; Egli in Herzog Encycl., vol. xxi.--Humbel: Zwingli im Spiegel der gleichzeit. schweizer. Lit., 1912.

Page 388.

Art., "Bullinger," by Egli in Herzog Encycl., vol. iii., pp. 536-549.--Bullinger: Diarium, ed. by Egli, Basel, 1904, and Gegensatz der ev. und röm. Lehre, ed. by Kügelgen, 1906.--Art., "Helvetische Konfessionen," by Karl Müller in Herzog Encycl., vol. vii and "Helvetische Konfessionsformeln" by Egli, vol. vii.