Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, Vol. XIII: Gregory the Great (II)

Name: Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, Vol. XIII: Gregory the Great (II)
Author: Philip Schaff (editor)

by Philip Schaff (editor)

Bible Translation 1.5 MB

Year: 1895

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A SELECT LIBRARY

OF THE

NICENE AND

POST-NICENE FATHERS

THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH.

SECOND SERIES

VOLUME XIII

Gregory the Great (II), Ephraim Syrus, Aphrahat

T&T CLARK

EDINBURGH

WM. B. EERDMANS PUBLISHING COMPANY

GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN

Selected Epistles

Gregory THE GREAT

BISHOP OF ROME,

(Books IX.--XIV.)

Translated, with Notes and Indices,

by the late

REV. James Barmby, D.D.

General Literature

Gregory's Life and Times.

Barmby (James), D.D., Gregory the Great; part of "The Fathers for English readers." Lond., 1879, 8^o.

(Qy.), Gregorius I., Pope, in Dictionary of Christian Biography, Vol. II. Lond., 1880.

Bianchi-Giovini (A.), Pontificato di San Gregorio il Grande. Milano,

Callias Caryon (A.), Apologie pour S. Gregoire evecque de Rome premier du nom, autrement dit, Gregoire le Grand... a Sedan, 1603, sm. 8°.

Du Moulin (P.), the Elder. La vie et religion de deux bons papes Leon premier et Gregoire premier... Sedan, 1650, 12°.

Ewald (P.), Die älteste Biographie Gregors I. (p. 17 of Histor. Aufsätze dem Andenken an G. Waitz.) Hannover, 1886, 8°.

Guettée (F. R.), La Papauté moderne condamnée par le Pape Saint Grégoire le Grand....Extraits des ouvrages de St. Grégoire... Paris.,

Joannes, diaconus: S. Gregorii Migni vita. (Patrol. Lat. ed. Migne,

Lau (G. J. T.), Gregor I. der Grosse nach seinem Leben und seiner Lehre

Leblanc (H. J.), Utrum B. Gregorius Magnus litteras humaniores et ingenuas artes odio persecutus sit disputationem proponebat...H. J. L.

Luzarche (V.) [Editor], Vie du Pape Grégoire le Grande. Légende française [en vers]. Publiée pour la première fois par V. L. Tours,

Maggio (G.), Prolegomeni alla storia di Gregorio il Grande e de' suoi

Maimbourg (L.), Histoire du Pontificat de S. Grégoire le Grand. Paris,

Paulus, diaconus Aquileiensis dictus Winfridus: S. Gregorii Magni vita auctore Paulo diacono monacho Cassinensi. (Patrol. Lat. ed. Migne,

Pfahler (G.), of Ellwangen. Gregor der Grosse und seine Zeit. Bd. I. [No more published.] Frankfurt am Main, 1852, 8°.

Pingaud (L.), La politique de Saint Grégoire le Grand. Thèse...Paris.

Pozzo (F. dal), Istoria della vita e del pontificato di S. Gregorio Magno Papa...Con un ragionamento sopra gli studi ecclesiastici. Rome,

Sainte-Marthe (Denys de), Histoire de S. Grégoire le Grand,...Tirée principalement de fes Ouvrages. a Rouen, 1697, 4°.

Saxton (Rev. A. J.), Saint Gregory the Great (Penny Biographical

Simrock (C.) [Editor], Eine schöne merkwürdige Historie des heiligen Bischofs Gregorius auf dem Stein genannt. Berlin [1838?], 8°.

Snow (T. B.), abbot of St. Mary's, Liverpool. St. Gregory the Great. His work and his spirit. (Heroes of the Cross.) Lond., 1892, 8°.

Stute (J. P.), Gregorius Magnus Papa Lutheranus; sive Der Lutherische Pabst. Contra Papistas, imprimis Monachos Parienses Ordinis S. Benedicti, S. Marthe, Bellarminum,...aliosque ex S. Gregorii libris et epistolis vindicatus... Lipsiae, 1715, 4°.

Welin (L. G.), Resp.: Legend om Pafven Gregorius den Store. Praes. J. H. Schröder. Stockholm, 1848, 8°.

Wiggers (G. F.), De Gregorio Magno ejusque placitis anthropologicis

Zype (F. vander), Sanctus Gregorius Magnus...ex...Dei familia Benedictina oriundus... Ipris, 1610, 8°.

Regula Pastoralis.

Important MSS.

1. Troyes 504. End of the 6th or beginning of the 7th cent. In uncials and majuscules. Formerly in the library of the Collège des Oratoriens de Troyes. (Migne, no. 1.)

2. Corvey no. 93. (Codex Corbeiensis, Migne, no. 2.) [The library at Corvey has now been dispersed.]

3. Chartres 65 (6.) of the 9th cent. (St. Père.)

4-6. St. Gallen 216-217, 219. All of the 9th cent.

7. St. Germain 12260. of the 9th cent.

8. St. Germain 12261. of the 9th cent.

9. Laon 187. of the 9th or 10th cent. (St. Vincent.)

10. Oxford, Bodl. Laud misc. 263. of the 9th or 10th cent.; (probably the 10th).

11. Codex Belvacensis, written about the middle of the 10th cent. (Migne.)

12. Rouen 500 (A. 260.) of the 11th cent. (Cathédrale de Rouen.)

13. Chartres 114 (62.) of the 12th cent. (Chapitre.)

14. Rouen 501 (A. 368.) of the 12th cent. (St. Ouen de Rouen.)

15. Troyes 752. of the 12th cent. (Clairvaux.)

16. Oxford, Bodl. Hatton 20. In English minuscule of the 10th cent., containing the Anglo-Saxon version made by King Alfred. It formerly belonged to Worcester [cathedral].

Editions.

1. ...lib' Regule pastoral'. [Ulric Zell? Cologne, 1470?] 4°.

2. ...liber regule pastoral'. [M. Flach: Strasburg, 1475?] 4°.

3. ...liber cure pastoralis. n. pl. 1482, 8°.

4. Paftoralis. Venetiis per Hier. de Paganinis, 1492, 4°.

6. Paftorale. in vrbe Bafílíenfí (Mich. Furter) 1496, 4°.

7. Liber cure paftoralis...Parrhisiis per Vdalricu' gering & Magiftru' Berchtoldu' renbolt focioru', 1498, 4°.

8. in Gregorii Magni opera, beneficio Bertholdi Renbolt. In edibus J. Parvi: Parrhisiis, 1518, fol.

9. Do. ed. Franc. Regnault. Rothomagi (Paris), 1521, fol.

10. Pastoralis diui Gregorii; At fol. cciii. of Opera... Paris., ex officina Claudii Chevalon, 1523, fol.

11. in opera... 1533, fol.

13. Do. cura Huldrici Coccii. Basil., ap. Froben. 1564, fol.

14. Pastoralia; at col. 869, tom. I. of Opera...ed. Ioannes Gillotius Campanus. Paris., 1571, fol.

15. Pastoralis; at fol. 2, tom. II. of opera, Antverpiae, 1572, fol.

16. [another ed. of no. 14.] Paris., 1586.

17. Liber pastoralis curae; at p. 143, tom. III. of opera...ed. Petrus Tossinianensis episc. Venusinus. Romae, ex typis Vaticanis, 1588-93, fol.

18. in Opera, Sixti V....jussu emendata...[by R. Rodulphus, bp. of Venosa.] Paris., 1605, fol.

21. Do. emendata...[by P. Rodulphus]. Antverpiae, 1615, fol.

23. ...Cura Pastoralis...opera...Matthiae Abbatis Admentensis...in hanc formam recusa. Monaci, 1622, 12°.

24. De cvra pastorali liber verè aureus, accuratè emendatus...è Vet. MSS....ab eximijs aliquot Acad. Oxoniensis theologis; editus à Ieremia

25. Liber pastoralis curae; at p. 169 of Septem tubae orbis Christiani..., operâ J. M. Horstii...' Coloniae Agrippinae, 1635, 4°.

26. in Opera. Paris., 1640.

27. Do. ed. Petr. Gussanvillaeus. Paris., 1675, fol.

28. Regulae pastoralis liber; at col. 1-102 of tom. II. of opera...studio & labore monachorum ord. Sancti Benedicti è congr. S. Mauri... Par., 1705, fol.

29. ...Regulae pastoralis liber...juxta editionem Parisiensium Monachorum Ord. S. Benedicti per B. Campagnolam...emendatus, variisque lectionibus illustratus. Veronae, 1739, 12°.

30. in Opera ed. Gallicciolli. Venetiis, 1768-76, 4°.

31. Regulae pastoralis liber; in tom. 13 of Sanctae...catholicae ecclesiae dogmatum et morum ex selectis veterum patrum operibus veritas demonstrata, &c.' By A. M. Cigheri. Florentiae, 1791, 4°.

32. --[another ed.] in vol. I. of Biblio-theca Pastoralis...

33. --Novam editionem curavit E. W. Westhoff. Monasterii

34. --[another ed.] col. 13, tom. III. of opera in Migne's Patrologia,

36. --[another ed.] Ex Benedictinorum recensione. Praemissa est vita S. Gregorii a Paulo Diacono conscripta. [Edited by G. Leonhardi]

37. --[another ed.] in vol. 20 of Sanctorum Patrum opuscula selecta. Edidit...H. von Hurter. Oeniponti, 1874-85, 16°.

38. S. Gregorii Magni Regulae Pastoralis Liber. S. Gregory on the Pastoral charge; the Benedictine text, with an English translation by...H. R. Bramley. Oxford, 1874, 8°.

38*. The book of Pastoral rule, and selected epistles, of Gregory the Great, bp. of Rome; transl., with introduction, notes, and indices, by the Rev. J. Barmby, D.D. (Pt. I.) (A select library of Nicene and post-Nicene fathers of the Christian Church. 2nd Ser., vol. XII.)

39. King Alfred's West-Saxon Version of Gregory's Pastoral Care. With an English translation. Edited for the Early English Text Society, by

40. Le Livre de S. Gregoire le Grand...du soin et du devoir des pasteurs....Nouvelle traduction [by J. le C. C. de S...., i.e. Jean Le Clerc, Curê de Soisy.] Paris, 1670, 8°.

41. Die Pastoralschriften des hl. Gregor des Grossen und des hl. Ambrosius von Mailand, übersetzt von. C. Haas. Tübingen, 1862, 8°.

42. Il libro della Regola Pastorale di S. Gregorio Magno volgarizzamento inedito del secolo xiv., tratto da un Manoscritto della Biblioteca Ambrosiana da A. Ceruti,... Milano, 1869, 8°.

[Amongst Rawlinson's MSS. in the Bodleian [MS. Rawl. D. 377, fol. 86] are 2 specimen leaves of an edition, giving the Latin text, with King Alfred's translation, designed by E. Thwaites;

Literature.

Dewitz (A.), Untersuchungen über Alfreds des Grossen west-sächsische Übersetzung der "Cura pastoralis" Gregors und ihr Verhaltnis zum Originale. Inaug.-Diss....Breslau. Bunzlau, 1889, 8°.

Fleischhauer (K. W.), Ueber den Gebrauch des Conjunctivs in Alfred's altenglischer Uebersetzung von Gregor's Cura Pastoralis.

Gieschen (K. L.), Die Charakteristischen Unterschiede der einzelnen Schreiber im Hatton MS. der Cura Pastoralis.

Glossarium zum Werke des heil. Gregorius: Liber regulae pastoralis, aus einer Handschrift des zehnten Jahrhunderts in der Stiftsbibliothek zu St. Florian, aus geschrieben von F. Kurz. Aus dem xxxvii. Bde der Jahrbücher der Literatur besonders abgedruckt. Wien, 1827, 8°.

Wack (Gustav), Über das Verhältnis von König Aelfreds Übersetzung der Cura Pastoralis...zum Originale. Inaug.-Diss....Greifswald.

Registrum Epistolarum.

Important MSS.

1. Cologne 92. of the 8th cent. Held by Ewald to be the best of all the MSS.

2. St. Petersburg 6 F. 1. 7. (Formerly at Corvey; then at St. Germain-des-Prés.) 8th cent. The first in the list of MSS. given by Migne.

3. Berlin theol. 322. of the 9th cent.

4. Dusseldorf B. 79. of the 9th cent.

5. Munich 14641. of the 9th cent.

6. Paris 11674. (St. Germain 282.) of the 9th cent.

7. Vienna 934. of the 9th cent.

8. The Escurial d. I. 1. (the Codex Emilianus). Written in West-Gothic minuscule, and finished in 992.

9. Bamberg 601. of the 10th cent.

10. Cologne 94. of the 10th cent.

11. Paris 2279. (Formerly in the library of St. Martial de Limoges;) of the 10th cent.

12. St. Gallen 670. of the 10th cent.

13. Trier 171. of the 10th cent.

14. Monte Cassino 71. Written in a Lombardic hand of the end of the 11th cent.

15. Wolfenbüttel 155. (75.) of the 11th cent.

16. Cologne 95. ofthe 12th cent.

17. Vatican 619. of the 12th cent.

Editions.

1. Liber Ep'larum beati Gregorii Pape... (Augustae Vindel., G. Zainer, c. 1472) fol.

2. Epiftole ex Regiftro: (cum vita Gregorii praefixa). Venetiis per Laz. Soardum, 1505, fol.

4. in Gregorii Magni opera, beneficio Bertholdi Renbolt. In edibus J. Parvi: Parrhisiis, 1518, fol.

5. Do. ed. Franc. Regnault. Rothomagi (Paris), 1521, fol.

6. ...epiftole ex Regiftro fa'cti Gregorii pape; At fol. ccclvi. of Opera... Paris., ex officina Claudii Chevalon, 1523, fol.

9. Do. ed. Guillart. Paris., 1542, fol.

10. in Opera...tom. II. Basil, 1550.

11. in Opera...cura Huldrici Coccii. Basil., ap. Froben., 1564, fol.

12. Epiftolae ex Regiftro; col. 433-825 of Vol. II. of Opera...ed. Ioannes Gillotius Campanus. Paris, 1571, fol.

13. Registrum Epistolarum. Venetiis, 1571.

14. Epistolae ex Registro; fol. 168^v of Vol. II. of Opera, Antverpiae,

16. [another ed. of No. 12]. Paris., 1586.

17. Registrum Epistolarum; Vol. IV. of Opera...ed. Petrus Tossinianensis episc. Vennsinus. Romae, ex typis Vaticanis, 1588-93.

18. in Opera, Sixti V....jussu emendata...[by R. Rodulphus, bp. of Venosa]. Paris., 1605, fol.

21. Do. emendata...[by P. Rodulphus.] Antverpiae, 1615, fol.

24. Epistolae; col. 1027, Vol. V. Conciliorum, studio Ph. Labbei et G. Cossartii. Paris., 1671, fol.

25. in Opera...ed. Petr. Gussanvillaeus, tom. II. pp. 359-1150. Paris., 1675. fol.

26. Do....studio &. labore monachorum ord. Sancti Benedicti è congregatione Sancti Mauri...tom. II., col. 477-1317. Par., 1705, fol.

28. in Opera...tom. 75-79 of Migne's Patrologia, tom. III., col. 441.

29. Gregorii I. pap--Registrvm epistolarvm. Tomi I. pars I. Liber i.-iv. Edidit Pavlvs Ewald. Tomi I. pars II. Libri v.-vii. Tomi II. partes I., II. Libri viii.-xiv. Post Pavli Ewaldi obitvm edidit Lvdovicvs M. Hartmann. (Mon. Germ. Hist.--Epistolarum tomi I., II.)

[See also no. 38* in list of editions of "Cura Pastoralis."]

The text in Migne's ed. is a reprint of the edition by the monks of St. Maur, of 1705.

By far the best edition of the Epistolae yet attempted is that begun by Ewald, who died after editing pt. I., bks. I.-IV. The work is being continued on the same scale by L. M. Hartmann.

Literature.

xii. libros epistolarum B. Gregorii papae... Tolosae, 1669, 4°.

Baumgarten (P. M.), Ueber eine Handschrift der Briefe Gregors I. [B. M., King's libr. 6, C. x.] (Neues Archiv d. Gesselsch. f. a. deutsch.

Bembus (Matthaeus), Pastor vigilans: sive ars regendi animas ex epistolis D. Gregorii Magni excerpta... Colon. 1618, 8°.

Ewald (P.), Studien zur Ausgabe des Registers Gregors I. (Neues Archiv, iii., 1878, pp. 433-625.)

Hartmann (L. M.), Ueber zwei Gregorbriefe. (Neues Archiv, xvii., 1892,

--------Zur Chronologie der Briefe Gregors I. (--------xv., 1890, p.

--------Zur Orthographie Papst Gregors I. (--------xv., 1890, p. 529.)

Jaffé (Ph.) [Editor]. S. Gregorius I., ed. P. Ewald: pp. 143-219, of vol. I., and p. 738 of vol. II., of Regesta pontificum Romanorum, ed.

James (Thomas), Vindiciae Gregorianae, seu restitutus innumeris paene locis Gregorius ex variis MSS. vt magno labore, ita Singulari fide

Kellet (F. W.), Pope Gregory the Great and his relations with Gaul. (Cambridge historical essays.) Lond. 1889, 8°.

Lampe (Fel.), Qui fuerint Gregorii Magni papae temporibus in imperii Byzantini parte occidentali exarchi et qualia eorum iura atque officia. Diss....Berlin. Berlin, 1892, la. 8°.

Maasen (F.), Ueber eine Sammlung von Schreiben Gregors I. u. Verordnungen der Kaiser u. Könige. Wien, 1877, 8°.

Mommsen (Th.), Zu den Gregorienbriefen. (Neues Archiv, xvii., 1892, p.

Pflugk-Harttung (J. v.), Papst Gregor d. Gr. (Münchener allgem. Zeitung, 1888. Beilage no. 209-215.)

Savini (F.), Se il Castrum Aprutiense delle lettere di s. Gregorio Magno fu l'odierna Teramo e se la voce Aprutium servi nel primitivo medio evo a denominare la città di Teramo, ovvero solo il suo territorio. (Archivio storico Italiano Ser. v. tom. X. 1892, p. 3.)

Wisbaum (W.), Die wichtigsten Richtungen und Ziele der Thätigkeit des Papstes Gregors des Grossen. Inaug. Diss....Bonn. Koln, 8°.

Wolfsgruber (C.), Die vorpäpstliche Lebensperiode Gregors d. Gr. Nach seinen Briefen Dargestellt. Progr....Schotten. Wien, 1886, 4°.

--------Gregor der Grotze... Saulgau, 1890, 8°.

Wollschack (Th.), Die Verhältnisse Italiens, insbesondere des Langobardenreichs, nach dem Briefwechseb Gregors I. Progr....Horn.

Book IX.

Epistle I.

To Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari).

Gregory to Januarius, &c.

The preacher of Almighty God, Paul the apostle, says, Rebuke not an elder (1 Tim. v. 1). But this rule of his is to be observed in cases where the fault of an elder does not draw through his example the hearts of the younger into ruin. But, when an elder sets an example to the young for their ruin, he is to be smitten with severe rebuke. For it is written, Ye are all a snare to the young (Isai. xlii. 22). And again the prophet says, The sinner being an hundred years old is accursed (Isai. lxv. 20). But so great wickedness has been reported to us of thy old age that, unless we were humanely disposed, we should smite thee with a definitive curse. For it has been told me that on the Lord's day, before celebrating the solemnities of mass, thou wentest forth to plough up the crop of the bearer of these presents, and after ploughing it up didst celebrate the solemnities of mass. Also, after the solemnities of mass thou didst not fear to root up the landmarks of that possession. What punishment ought to follow such deeds all who hear of them know. We had, however, been in doubt as to so great perversity in thee as this; but our son Cyriacus the abbot [1] , having been questioned by us, declared that when he was at Caralis he knew it to be the case. And, seeing that we still spare thy gray hairs, bethink thee at length, old man, and restrain thyself from such levity of behaviour, and perversity of deeds. The nearer thou art approaching death, the more careful and fearful oughtest thou to become. And indeed a sentence of punishment had been launched against thee; but, since we know thy simplicity accompanying thy old age, we meanwhile hold our peace. Those, however, by whose advice thou hast done these things we decree to be excommunicated for two months; but so that, if within the space of two months anything should happen to them after the manner of humanity they be not deprived of the blessing of the viaticum. But do thou henceforth be cautious to stand aloof from their counsels, lest, if thou be their disciple in evil whose master thou oughtest to have been in good, we no longer spare either thy simplicity or thy old age.

Epistle II.

To Vitalis, Guardian (Defensorem) of Sardinia.

Gregory to Vitalis, &c.

What we have learnt about our brother the bishop Januarius the bearers of these presents, as well as the copies of our letters, will sufficiently inform you; and so let thy Experience judiciously carry into effect the excommunication which we have decreed to be pronounced on his perverse counsellors, that they may learn by falling not to walk unwarily.

Moreover, we have sent back by Redemptus the guardian (defensorem), the bearer of these presents, the wheat which had been sent to us under the name of a present. Let thy experience see that neither thou nor he who brought it presume to partake of anything out of it as a bounty [2] , but restore the whole of it without abatement to the several persons, or to all of them together, and send me their receipts for the value; for, should I ascertain that anything has been done otherwise than as I direct, I will visit the offence with no slight severity.

In pretio commodi. Oncommodum, see I. 44, p. 90, note 4.

Epistle III.

To Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari).

Gregory to Januarius, &c.

The most distinguished lady Nereida has complained to us that your Fraternity does not blush to exact from her a hundred solidi for the burial of her daughter, and would bring upon her the additional vexation of expense over and above her groans of sorrow. Now, if the truth is so, it being a very serious thing and far from a priest's office to require a price for earth that is granted to rottenness, and to wish to make profit out of another's grief, let your Fraternity refrain from this demand, and be no more troublesome to her, especially as she tells us that Hortulanus, to whom she asserts she bore this daughter, had formerly been munificent to your Church in no small degree. Now as to this abuse, we ourselves, after we had by God's permission acceded to the dignity of the episcopate, forbade it entirely in our Church, and by no means permitted the evil custom to be taken up anew, remembering that, when Abraham demanded for a price a sepulchre for the burial of his wife's body from the sons of Emor, that is from Ephron the son of Seor, the latter refused to accept a price, lest he should appear to have made profit out of a corpse (Gen. xxiii.). If then a man that was a pagan showed such great consideration, how much more ought we, who are called priests, not to do this thing? Wherefore I admonish you that this abuse, which comes of avarice, be not ventured on any more, even in the case of strangers. But, if at any time you allow any one to be buried in your Church, and the parents, relations, or heirs of such person should of their own accord wish to offer something for lights, we do not forbid it to be accepted. But we altogether forbid anything to be asked for or exacted, this being a very irreligious proceeding, lest (which God forbid) the Church should haply be spoken of as venal, or you should seem to take joy in men's deaths, if you endeavour in any way whatever to seek profit out of their corpses.

With regard to other cases included in the petition of the aforesaid Nereida, we exhort thee, if possible, to settle them by an amicable arrangement, or certainly not to omit sending an instructed person to the court, deputed by us, for which purpose we have sent to your parts Redemptus our guardian (defensorem), the bearer of these presents, that he may compel the parties to appear for trial, and carry out with summary execution what may be adjudged.

Epistle IV.

To Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari).

Gregory to Januarius, a Bishop of Sardinia.

We knew before the letter of your Fraternity reached us what our enemies had effected in Sardinia. And, having for some time feared that this would be so, we now groan with you on what we foresaw having come to pass. But, if attention had been paid to what we wrote to our most excellent son Gennadius [3] , as well as to yourself, telling you that this would be so, the enemy would either not have come into your regions, or, when they came, they would have incurred the danger which they have caused. Even now, then, let what has happened sharpen your vigilance for the future. For we, too, by no means omit whatever we are able to do for good, the Lord helping us.

Know, moreover, that the abbot whom, now a considerable time ago, we sent to Agilulph, has by the mercy of God arranged a peace with him, so far as was directed in writing by the most excellent Exarch. And so, till such time as the agreements for the confirmation of this peace shall be drawn up, lest perchance our enemies during the present delay should be inclined to come again into those parts, do you cause watches of the walls to be kept up, and careful attention given in all places. And we trust in the power of our Redeemer that the incursions or plots of our adversaries will not injure you anew.

As to your saying in your letter that many persons lay complaints against you before us, this is true; but among various things nothing has distressed us so much as what our most beloved son, the abbot Cyriacus, has reported to us; namely, that on the Lord's day before mass you caused a crop of corn to be ploughed up in the field which is in the possession of Donatus, and, as if that were not enough, went, after the sacrifice was finished, in person to the place, and dug up the boundaries [5] . For this reason I exhort thee to consider with anxious attention the office which thou bearest, and to avoid entirely whatever may injure thy reputation or thy soul, and let no one persuade thee to do the like again. For know that thou hast not undertaken the care of earthly things, but the leadership of souls. On this, therefore, thou oughtest to fix thy heart, thy anxiety, thy entire devotion., and to give thy diligent thought to the winning of souls, that when thou shalt render to the Lord at His coming the talents that He has delivered to thee multiplied, thou mayest be counted worthy to receive from Him the fruit of retribution, and to be exalted among His faithful servants in eternal glory. Know, however, that what I now say in the way of reproach or blame comes not from asperity, but from brotherly love, since I desire thee to be found a priest before Almighty God, not in name only, which tends only to punishment, but also in desert, which looks to recompense. For, we being one member in the body of our Redeemer, as I am rent asunder in thy fault, so also am I rejoiced in thy good conduct.

Furthermore, with regard to your desire that we should depute a person from our side (a nostro latere), to whom you may communicate in detail the cases that are to be referred to us, write whatever you will to our most beloved son Peter and to Theodore the counsellor (consiliario), that, when it has been communicated to us through them, whatever reason may commend may be settled, the Lord revealing the way. Moreover, concerning our brother and fellow-bishop Marinianus [6] , cognizance will be taken, when peace with the aforesaid Agilulph shall have been fully confirmed, and whatever the order of reason may dictate will be done.

Gennadius was Exarch of Africa.

Probably the Abbot Probos. See IX. 43, 9.