THE NEW
SCHAFF-HERZOG
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE
Editor-in-Chief
SAMUEL MACAULEY JACKSON, D.D., LL.D.
Editor-in-Chief
of
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Associate Professor of Church History
Princeton Theological Seminary
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THE NEW
SCHAFF-HERZOG ENCYCLOPEDIA
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EDITED BY
SAMUEL MACAULEY JACKSON, D.D., LL.D.
(Editor-in-Chief)
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CHARLES COLEBROOK SHERMAN
AND
GEORGE WILLIAM GILMORE, M.A.
(Associate Editors)
AND THE FOLLOWING DEPARTMENT EDITORS
(Department of Systematic Theology) (Department of the Old Testament)
HENRY KING CARROLL, LL.D. HENRY SYLVESTER NASH, D.D.
(Department of Minor Denominations) (Department of the New Testament)
JAMES FRANCIS DRISCOLL, D.D. ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN, D.D., LL.D.
(Department of Liturgics and Religious Orders) (Department of Church
History)
FRANK HORACE VIZETELLY, F.S.A.
(Department of Pronunciation and Typography)
VOLUME II
BASILICA ? CHAMBERS
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1952
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SECURED BY BAKER BOOK HOUSE FROM FUNK AND WAGNALLS
LITHOPRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY
EDITORS
SAMUEL MACAULEY JACKSON, D.D., LL.D.
(Editor-in-Chief.)
Professor of Church History, New York University.
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
CHARLES COLEBROOK SHERMAN GEORGE WILLLAM GILMORE, M.A.
Editor in Biblical Criticism and Theology on "The New International Encyclopedia," New York. New York, Formerly Professor of Biblical History and Lecturer on Comparative Religion, Bangor Theological Seminary. DEPARTMENT EDITORS, VOLUME II.
(Department of Systematic Theology.)
Professor of Systematic Theology, Chicago Theological Seminary.
(Department of the Old Testament.)
Professor of Oriental Languages, University College, Toronto.
HENRY KING CARROLL, LL.D. HENRY SYLVESTER NASH, D.D.
(Department of Minor Denominations.)
One of the Corresponding Secretaries of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, New York.
(Department of the New Testament.)
Professor of the Literature and Interpretation of the New Testament,
Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass.
JAMES FRANCIS DRISCOLL, D.D. ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN, D.D., LL.D.
(Department of Liturgies and Religious Orders.)
President of St. Joseph's Seminary, Yonkers, N. Y.
(Department of Church History.)
Professor of Church History, Baylor Theological Seminary (Baylor University), Waco, Tex.
(Office Editor.)
Formerly of the Editorial Staff of the "Encyclopaedia Britannica" Company, New York City.
(Department of Pronunciation and Typography.)
Managing Editor of the Standard Dictionary, etc., New York City.
CONTRIBUTORS AND COLLABORATORS, VOLUME II. Professor of Practical Theology, University of Marburg. Professor of Church History, University of Königsberg. Th.Lic., Late Pastor of the Catholic Apostolic Church, Hartford, Conn. Formerly Privat-docent in Old Testament Theology, University of Berlin, Member of the Executive Committee of the German Society for the Exploration of Palestine, Jerusalem. Professor of Church History, Evangelical Theological Faculty, University of Breslau. FERENCZ BALOGH, SAMUEL BERGER (), D.D., Professor of Church History, Reformed Theological Academy, Debreczin, Hungary. Late Librarian to the Faculty of Protestant Theology, Paris. Late Professor of New Testament Exegesis, School of Theology, Geneva. Professor in Berlin. Gymnasial Professor in Leipsic. President of the Society for Innere Mission, and Pastor of St. Michael's Church, Hamburg. Corresponding Secretary of the Prison Association of New York. Late Professor of Theology, University of Halle. JOHANNES BELSHEIM, AMY GASTON BONET-MAURY, D.D., LL.D., Pastor Emeritus in Christiania, Norway. Professor of Church History, Independent School of Divinity, Paris. Professor of Church History, University of Göttingen. President of the Consistory, Strasburg. Extraordinary Professor of Theology, University of Greifswald. Formerly Lecturer on Comparative Religion, Bangor Theological Seminary, Associate Editor of the Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia. Pastor Emeritus, Stuttgart. Pastor at Siebeneichen, near Löwenberg, Prussia. Professor of Church History, University of Leipsic. Honorary Professor of Geography, Technische Hochschule, and Professor, Military Academy, Munich. Professor of Theological Encyclopedia and Symbolics, Union Theological Seminary, New York. Professor of New Testament Exegesis, University of Leipsic. Professor of Oriental Languages, University of Copenhagen. Pastor in Strasburg. Late Supreme Consistorial Councilor, Munich. Extraordinary Professor of Church History and of the New Testament, University of Heidelberg. Professor of Practical Theology, Pedagogics, and Didactics, and University Preacher, University of Erlangen. Pastor at Mörz, near Belzig, Prussia. Pastor in Geneva, Switzerland. Professor of Old Testament Exegesis, University of Leipsic. Consistorial Councilor, Ilfeld, Hanover. Professor of Church History, University of Berlin, and General Director of the Royal Library, Berlin. Th.D., Instructor in English, College of the City of New York. Professor of Church History, University of Leipsic, Editor-in-Chief of the Hauck-Herzog Realencyklopädie. Professor of Old Testament Exegesis, University of Leipsic, and President of the German Evangelical Archeological Institute, Jerusalem. Professor and Director of the University Library, Giessen. Professor of Church History, University of Berlin. Professor of the New Testament, University of Greifswald. Ph.D., Th.D., Supreme Consistorial Councilor, City Superintendent and Pastor of the Kreuzkirche, Dresden. Professor of New Testament Exegesis, University of Leipsic. President of St. Joseph's Seminary, Yonkers, N. Y. Pastor at Betheln, Hanover. Recording Secretary of the American Bible Society, Coeditor of the "Encyclopedia of Missions," New York. Professor of Practical Theology, University of Halle. Professor of Church History, University of Zurich. Dean, Neustadt-an-der-Aisch, Bavaria, Editor of Siona. Late Professor of Church History, Evangelical Theological Faculty, University of Breslau. Late Professor of Reformed Theology, University of Erlangen, Founder of the Hauck-Herzog Realencyklopädie. Late Professor of Theology, University of Strasburg. Late Professor of Church History, University of Tübingen. Pastor at Cösseln, near Halle. Former Editor of the Evangelisches Missions-Magazin and President of the Publishing Society at Calw, Württemberg. JOHN FOX, D.D., PAUL HINSCHIUS (), LL.D., Corresponding Secretary of the American Bible Society, New York. Late Professor of Ecclesiastical Law, University of Berlin. Th.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical, Public and German Law, University of Leipsic. Pastor of the Nikolaikirche, Leipsic, Editor of the Allgemeine Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirchenzeitung and of the Theologisches Literaturblatt. Professor of Church History, University of Berlin. Professor of the History of Art, University of Kiel. Pastor of the Lutherkirche, Leipsic. Professor of Church History, Baylor Theological Seminary (Baylor University), Waco, Tex. Professor of Dogmatics and New Testament Exegesis, University of Halle. Supreme Consistorial Councilor in Speyer, Bavaria. Professor of Old Testament Exegesis, University of Bonn. Late Bishop of Aalborg, Denmark. Consistorial Councilor, Professor of Practical Theology, and University Preacher, University of Breslau. Late Professor of Theology, University of Kiel. Professor of Old Testament Exegesis, University of Leipsic. Professor of Old Testament Exegesis and History of Religion, University of Basel. Professor of Church History, University of Erlangen. Inspectress-General of the Martinist Order of America. Professor of Church History, University of Giessen. Pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, Paris. Professor of Systematic and Practical Theology, University of Greifswald. Pastor of the First German Evangelical Lutheran Church, Newark, N. J. L. A. VAN LANGERAAD, Ph.D. FREDERICK DUNGLISON POWER, LL.D., Lekkerkerk, Holland Pastor of the Garfield Memorial Church, Washington, D. C. Professor of Systematic Theology, University of Heidelberg. Formerly Instructor in French, Yale College and Sheffield Scientific School, New Haven, Conn. Superintendent of the Royal Orphan Asylum, Stuttgart. Professor of Oriental Languages, University of Halle. Professor of Slavonic Languages, University of Leipsic. Professor of Practical Theology and University Preacher, University of Leipsic. Professor of Church History, University of Halle. Professor of German Law, University of Tübingen. Professor of Church History, Royal University of Upsala, Sweden. Late Professor of History, University of Amsterdam. Professor of Oriental Languages, University College, Toronto. University Preacher and Professor of Practical Theology in the Evangelical Theological Faculty, University of Bonn. Supreme Consistorial Councilor and Member of the Royal Consistory, Hanover. Professor of Church History, Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Pa. Professor of Church History, University of Marburg. Late Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York, Founder of the Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia. Professor of Reformed Theology, University of Erlangen. Pastor at Oberholzheim, Württemberg. Councilor for Schools, Leipsic. Professor of Jurisprudence and Civil and Criminal Procedure, University of Freiburg. Pastor in Ebersdorf, Reuss. Pastor at Neckar-Steinach, Hesse. Extraordinary Professor of Christian Archeology, University of Berlin. Late Librarian and Professor of Theology, University of Stuttgart. Professor in the Theological Seminary at Maulbronn, Württemberg. Th.D., Professor of German Ecclesiastical Law and of the History of Law, University of Bonn. Professor of Church History, University of Göttingen. Professor of Church History and Christian Archeology, University of Greifswald. Late Consistorial Councilor, Hanover. Gymnasial Professor at Steglitz, near Berlin. Professor of New Testament Exegesis and Criticism, Union Theological Seminary, New York. Professor of Systematic Theology, University of Rostock. Late Professor of Old Testament Exegesis, University of Rostock. Educator in Leipsic, Germany. Assistant Editor of The Baptist Missionary Magazine, Boston. Professor of Systematic Theology, University of Berlin. Professor of Didactic and Polemical Theology, Princeton Theological Seminary. Professor of Ecclesiastical and Commercial Law, University of Erlangen. Pastor Primartus, Guben, Prussia. WHITLOCK, Professor of Dogmatics and New Testament Exegesis, University of Bonn. Pastor of the Bethlehem Congregational Church, Cleveland, O. Professor of German Language and Literature, University of Erlangen. Professor of English, University of Leipsic. Late Pastor in Frankfort-on-the-Main. Titular Professor in Dresden. Astor Library, New York. Professor of New Testament Exegesis and Introduction, University of Erlangen. Extraordinary Professor of Old Testament Exegesis and Semitic Languages, University of Berlin. Professor of Celtic Philology, University of Berlin. Late Professor of Church History, University of Greifswald.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX?VOLS. I AND II
The following list of books is supplementary to the bibliographies given at the end of the articles contained in volumes I and II, and brings the literature down to November, 1908. In this list each title entry is printed in capital letters.
Abraham: F. Wilke, War Abraham eine historische Persönlichkeit? Leipsic, 1907.
Abulfaraj: Bar Hebraeus, Buch der Strahlen. Die grössere Grammatik des Barhebraeus. Uebersetzung nach einem kritisch berichtigen Texte mit textkritischem Apparat und einem Anhang: Zur Terminologie, by A. Moberg. Einleitung and vol. ii., Leipsic, 1907 (the first part has not yet appeared).
Africa: J. D. Mullens, The Wonderful Story of Uganda, London, 1908.
A. H. Baynes, South Africa, London, 1908.
R. H. Milligan, The Jungle Folk of Africa, New York, 1908.
Agnosticism: H. C. Sheldon, Unbelief in the Nineteenth Century, New York, 1907.
Agrapha: C. R. Gregory, Das Freer-Logion, Leipsic, 1908 (on the Logia-fragments possessed by C. L. Freer, of Detroit).
B. Pick, Paralipomena: Remains of Gospels and Sayings of Christ, Chicago, 1908.
Alexander IV.: F. Tenckhoff, Papst Alexander IV., Paderborn, 1907.
Alexander of Hales: K. Heim, Das Wesen der Gnade und ihr Verhältnis zu den natürlichen Funktionen des Menschen bei Alexander Halesius, Leipsic, 1907.
Altar: R. Kittel, Studien zur hebräischen Archäologie, i. 118-158, Leipsic, 1908.
Ambrose, Saint, of Milan: J. E. Niederhuber, Die Eschatologie des heiligen Ambrosius, Paderborn, 1907.
P. de Labriolle, S. Ambroise, Paris, 1908.
Angels: R. W. Britton, Angels, their Nature and Service, London, 1908.
Apocrypha: L. Couard, Die religiösen und sittlichen Anschauungen der alttestamentlichen Apokryphen und Pseudepigraphen, Gütersloh, 1907.
A. Fuchs, Textkritische Untersuchungen zum hebräischen Ekklesiastikus, Freiburg, 1907.
R. Smend, Griechisch-syrisch-hebräischer Index zur Weisheit des Jesus Sirach, Berlin, 1907.
F. Steinmetzer, Neue Untersuchungen über die Geschichtlichkeit der Juditherzählung, Leipsic, 1907.
J. Müller, Beiträge zur Erklärung und Kritik des Buches Tobit, Giessen, 1908.
Apologetics: W. H. Turton, The Truth of Christianity: a Manual of Christian Evidences, London, 1908.
E. F. Scott, The Apologetic of the New Testament, New York, 1908.
H. Egerton, The Liberal Theology and the Ground of Faith; being Essays towards a conservative Restatement of Apologetic, London, 1908.
Apostolic Constitutions: F. X. Funk, Didascalia et constitutions apostolorum I-II., Paderborn, 1906.
Arabia: R. Dussiaud, Les Arabes en Syrie avant l'Islam, Paris, 1907.
Archeology, Biblical: I. Benzinger, Hebräische Archäologie, Tübingen, 1907.
Architecture: A. K. Porter, Medieval Architecture, New York, 1908.
Arianism: S. Rogala, Die Anfänge des arianischen Streites, Paderborn, 1907.
Art: S. F. H. Robinson, Celtic Illuminative Art in the Gospel Books of Durrow, Lindisfarne and Kells, London, 1908.
J. R. Allen, Celtic Art in Pagan and Christian Times, Philadelphia, 1908.
Margaret E. Tabor, The Saints in Art, New York, 1908.
Asceticism: Bibliotheca Franciscana ascetica medii aevi, vol. iv., Quarrachi, 1907.
Asherah: F. Lundgreen, Die Benützung der Pflanzenwelt in der alttestamentlichen Religion, Giessen, 1908.
Asia Minor: F. Stähelin, Geschichte der kleinasiatischen Galater, 2d ed., Leipsic, 1907.
Assyria: A. T. Olmstead, Western Asia in the Days of Sargon of Assyria, B.C. 722-705, New York, 1908.
Augsburg, Bishopric of: A. Steichele, Das Bisthum Augsburg, historisch und statistisch beschrieben, vol. vii., Augsburg, 1906 sqq.
Augsburg Confession and its Apology: Acta comiciorum Augustae ex litteris Philippi Jonae et aliorum ad M. Luther, ed. G. Berbig, Leipsic, 1907.
Augustine, Saint, of Hippo: B. Dombart, Zur Textgeschichte der Civitas Dei Augustins seit dem Entstehen der ersten Drucke, Leipsic, 1907.
O. Blank, Die Lehre des heiligen Augustinus vom Sakramente der Eucharistie, Paderborn, 1906.
F. X. Eggersdorfer, Der heilige Augustinus als Pädagoge und seine Bedeutung für die Geschichte der Bildung, Freiburg, 1907.
P. Friedrich, Die Mariologie des heiligen Augustinus, Cologne, 1907.
O. Zänker, Der Primat des Willens vor dem Intellect bei Augustin. Gütersloh, 1907.
Scripta contra Donatistas, part i., ed. Petschenig, Leipsic, 1908.
Saint Augustine of Hippo, with Introduction by the Bishop of Southampton (The Library of the Soul), London, 1908.
H. Becker, Augustin. Studien zu seiner geistigen Entwickelung, Leipsic, 1908.
Augustinians: Codex diplomaticus Ord. E. S. Augustini, vol. iii., Papiae (Rome), 1907.
Babylonia: M. Jastrow, Die Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens, Giessen, 1907.
Early Sumerian Psalms; Texts in Transliteration with Transl., Critical Commentary and Introduction, Leipsic, 1908.
O. A. Toffteen, Researches in Assyrian and Babylonian Geography, part 1, Chicago, 1908.
H. Radau, Bel, the Christ of Ancient Times, Chicago, 1908.
Bach, J. S.: H. Perry, Life of Johann Sebastian Bach, New York, 1908.
Bamberg, Bishopric of: H. T. von Kohlhagen, Das Domkapitel des alten Bisthums Bamberg und seine Canoniker, Bamberg, 1907.
J. Körber, Lose Blätter aus meines Bruders Leben und Skripten. Ein Stück Bamberger Geschichte als Scherflein zum 9. Bisthumscentenar, Bamberg, 1907.
J. Looshorn, Die Geschichte des Bisthums Bamberg. Nach den Quellen bearbeitet, vol. vii., Das Bisthum Bamberg 1729-1808, Bamberg, 1907 sqq.
Banks, L. A.: Sermons which have Won Souls, New York, 1908.
Baptism: J. T. Christian, The Form of Baptism in Sculpture and Art, Louisville, Ky., 1907.
J. M. Lupton, De baptismo, Cambridge, 1908.
Baptists: J. S. Flory, Literary Activity of the German Baptist Brethren in the Eighteenth Century, Elgin, Ill., 1908.
E. Y. Mullens, The Axioms of Religion; a New Interpretation of the Baptist Faith, Philadelphia, 1908.
Barlaam and Josophat: Gui von Cambrai und Josophas, nach dem Handschriften von Paris und Monte Cassino, ed. Carl Appel, Halle, 1907.
Barnabas: "Epistle," ed. Jos. Vizzini, Rome, 1907.
Beecher, H. W.: S. M. Griswold, Sixty Years with Plymouth Church, New York, 1907.
Beecher, W. J.: The Dated Events of the Old Testament: being a Presentation of Old Testament Chronology, Philadelphia, 1908.
Beet, J. A.: The Church, the Churches, and the Sacraments, London, 1907.
A Shorter Manual of Theology, London, 1908.
Behaism: Les Leçons de Saint-Jean-d'Acre d'Ad-Oul-Béha, recueilliés par Laura Clifford Barney, traduit du persan par Hippolyte Dreyfus, Paris, 1908.
Abdu'l Baha. Some answered Questions: Collected and Translated from the Persian by Laura Clifford, Philadelphia, 1908.
Benedict of Nursia: L. Delisle, Le Livre de Jean de Stavelot sur S. Benoît, Paris, 1908.
Studien und Mitteilungen aus dem Benedictinerund dem Cistercienser-Orden, 28 Jahrgang, Raigen, 1907.
Die Regel des- heiligen Benedictus erklärt in ihrem geschichtlichen Zusammenhang und mit besonderer Rücksicht auf das geistliche Leben, Freiburg, 1907.
G. Meier, Der heilige Benedikt und sein Orden, Regensburg, 1907.
Benediction: W. H. Dolbeer, The Benediction, Philadelphia, 1908.
Bennett, W. H.: The Religion of the Post-Exilic Prophets, Edinburgh, 1907.
The Life of Christ according to St. Mark, London, 1907.
Bentley, Richard: A. T. Bartholomew, Richard Bentley, a Bibliography of his Works, London, 1908.
Berkeley, G.: The Principle of Human Knowledge, new ed., London, 1907.
The Querist; containing Several Queries proposed to the Consideration of the Public, parts 1-3, Dublin, 1735-37, reprinted Baltimore, 1908.
Bernard, Saint, of Clairvaux: On Consideration, Translated by George Lewis, London, 1908.
Besant, A.: London Lectures of 1907, London 1907.
Beza, T.: A Tragedie of Abraham's Sacrifice, transl. By Arthur Golding, ed. M. W. Wallace, Toronto, 1906.
Bible Societies: J. Fox, Round the World for the American Bible Society, New York, 1908.
Bible Versions, A, III.: F. C. Burkitt, Early Eastern Christianity, lect. 2, New York, 1904.
The Four Gospels from the Codex Corbeiensis London, 1908.
Bible Versions, B, IV.: A. F. Gasquet, The Old English Bible, and Other Essays, New York, 1908.
M. B. Riddle, The Story of the Revised New Testament, Philadelphia, 1908.
J. I. Mombert, Handbook, 2d ed. London, 1907.
M. W. Jacobus, ed., Roman Catholic and Protestant Bibles Compared: the Gould Prize Essays, 2d ed., New York, 1908.
F. Vigouroux, Dictionnaire de la Bible, fasc. xxviii. Cols. 1549-51, Paris, 1906.
Biblical Criticism: J. R. Cohn, The Old Testament in the Light of Modern Research, London, 1908.
Biblical Introduction: A. Schulz, Biblische Studien, ed. O. Bardenhewer, vol. xii., part 1, Doppelberichte im Pentateuch. Ein Beitrag zur Einleitung in das Alte Testament, Freiburg, 1908.
C. Rösch, Die heiligen Schriften des Alten Testaments; ausführliche Inhaltsübersicht mit kurzgefasster spezieller Einleitung, Münster, 1908.
F. Barth, Einleitung in das Neue Testament, Gütersloh, 1908.
C. F. G. Heinrici, Der litterarische Charakter der neutestamentlichen Schriften, Leipsic, 1908.
Biblical Theology: R. S. Franks, The New Testament Doctrines of Man, Sin, and Salvation, London, 1908.
Black, H.: Christ's Service of Love [Communion sermons and meditations], New York, 1907.
Blavatsky, H. V.: F. S. Hoffman, The Sphere of Religion, New York, 1908.
Bliss, E. M.: The Missionary Enterprise, New York, 1908.
Boehme, J.: The Supersensual Life, or the Life which is above Sense, Eng. Transl. By W. Law, new ed., London, 1907.
Boethius: In Isagogen Porphyrii commenta, ed. S. Brandt, Vienna and Leipsic, 1906.
Bonet-Maury, G.: France, christianisme et civilization, Paris, 1907.
Booth, W.: The Seven Spirits: or, What I teach my Officers, London, 1907.
Borromeo, C.: Die Nuntiatur von Giovanni Francesco Bonhomini 1579-1581. Documente vol. i., Die Nuntiaturberichte Bonhominis und seine Correspondenz mit Carlo Borromeo aus dem Jahre 1579, Solothurn, 1906.
Boston, T.: A General Account of my Life, ed. G. D. Low, London, 1908.
Bousset, W.: What is Religion? London, 1907.
Boyd, A. K. H.: Sermons and Stray Papers. With Biographical Sketch by Rev. W. W. Tulloch, London, 1907.
Brahmanism: J. C. Oman, The Brahmins, Theists, and Muslims of India, London, 1907.
L. D. Barnett, Brahma-Knowledge, an Outline of the Philosophy of the Vedanta, set forth by the Upanishads and by Sankara, London, 1907.
M. Bloomfield, The Religion of the Veda, the Ancient Religion of India, New York, 1908.
Brent, C. H.: Leadership: The William Belden Noble Lectures. . . at
Breslau, Bishopric of: Geschichte des Breslauer Domes und Seine Wiederherstellung, Breslau, 1907.
Veröffentlichungen aus dem fürstbischoflichen Diözesan-Archiv zu Breslau, Breslau, 1905 sqq.
Breviary: A. Schulte, Die Psalmen des Breviers nebst den Cantica zum praktischen Gebrauche, Paderborn, 1907.
Bridget, Saint, of Kildare: J. A. Knowles, St. Brigid, Patroness of Ireland, London, 1907.
Bridget, Saint, of Sweden: K. Krogh-Tonning, Die heilige Birgitta in Schweden, Kempten, 1907.
Brooke, S. A.: The Sea Charm of Venice, London, 1907.
Studies in Poetry, London, 1907.
Brown, A. J.: The Foreign Missionary, An Incarnation of a World Movement, New York, 1907.
Browne, R.: C. Burrage, The "Retractation" of Robert Browne, Father of Congregationalism, London, 1907.
Browne, Sir Thomas: Works, ed. C. Sayle, 3 vols., Edinburgh, 1907.
Buddhism: Jataka, by E. B. Cowell, vol. vi., New York, 1907.
P. L. Narasu, The Essence of Buddhism, London, 1907.
D. T. Suzuki, Outlines of Mahayana Buddhism, London, 1907 (Japanese).
Soyen Shaku, Sermons of a Buddhist Abbot, London, 1907.
Taba Kanai, The Praises of Amida. Seven Buddhist Sermons. Translated from the Japanese by Rev. A. Lloyd, London, 1907.
H. F. Hall, The Inward Light, 2d impression, London, 1908 (Buddhism in Burmah).
K. von Hase, New Testament Parallels in Buddhistic Literature, New York, 1908.
Bullinger, H.: Bullingers Korrespondenz mit den Graubündern, part iii., Oct., 1566-June, 1575, ed. T. Schiess, Basel, 1906.
Burnet, G.: T. E. S. Clarke and (Miss) H. C. Foxcroft, Life of Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury; with Bibliographical Appendixes; and an Introduction by C. H. Firth, London and New York, 1908.
Cabala: Kabbala denudata. The Kabbalah Unveiled: containing the following books from the Zohar: the Book of Concealed Mystery, the Greater Holy Assembly, the Lesser Holy Assembly, translated into English, New York, 1908 (republication of edition of 1887).
Cajetan, T.: P. Kalkoff, Cardinal Cajetan auf dem Augsburger Reichstage von 1518, Rome, 1907.
Calvin, J.: A. Dide, Michel Servet et Calvin, Paris, 1907.
Cambridge Platonists: E. A. George, The Seventeenth Century Men of Latitude; the Forerunners of the New Theology, London, 1908.
Campbell, R. J.: Christianity and the Social Order, London, 1908.
Thursday Mornings at the City Temple, London, 1908.
Canon of Scripture: J. Leipoldt, Geschichte des neutestamentlichen
Kanons, 2 parts, Leipsic, 1907-08.
Canonesses: K. H. Schäfer, Die Kanonissenstifter im deutschen Mittelalter. Ihre Entwicklung und innere Einrichtung im Zusammenhang mit dem altchristl. Sanktimonialentum, Stuttgart, 1907.
Capito, W.: P. Kalkoff, W. Capito im Dienste Erzbischof Albrechts von Mainz, Berlin, 1907.
Capuchins: Veröffentlichungen aus dem Archiv der rhein-westfälischen Kapuzinerordensprovinz, Mainz, 1907.
Carlstadt, A. R. B. von: K. Müller, Luther und Karlstadt. Stücke aus ihrem gegenseitigen Verhältnis untersucht, Tübingen, 1907.
Carmelites: Monumenta historica Carmelitana, vol. i., Lirin, 1905-07.
Carthage, Synods of: A. Alcais, Figures et récits de Carthage chrétienne, Paris, 1907.
Catechisms: F. Cohrs, Die evangelischen Katechismusversuche vor Luthers Enchiridion, Berlin, 1907.
Catharine of Sienna: The Dialogue, transl. by Algar Thorold, new and abridged ed., London, 1907.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
[Abbreviations in common use or self-evident are not included here. For additional information concerning the works listed, see vol. i., pp. viii.-xx., and the appropriate articles in the body of the work.]
ADB {
Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, Leipsic, 1875 sqq., vol. 53, 1907 Adv. adversus, "against" AJP American Journal of Philology, Baltimore, 1880 sqq. AJT